We study pentaquark states of both light $q^4\bar q$ and hidden heavy $q^3 Q\bar Q$ (q = u,d,s quark in SU(3) flavor symmetry; Q = c, b quark) systems with a general group theory approach in the constituent quark model, and the spectrum of light baryon resonances in the ansatz that the $l=1$ baryon states may consist of the $q^3$ as well as $q^4\bar q$ pentaquark component. The model is fitted to ground state baryons and light baryon resonances which are believed to be normal three-quark states. The work reveals that the $N(1535)1/2^{-}$ and $N(1520)3/2^-$ may consist of a large $q^4\bar q$ component while the $N(1895)1/2^{-}$ and $N(1875)3/2^-$ are respectively their partners, and the $N^+(1685)$ might be a $q^4\bar q$ state. By the way, a new set of color-spin-flavor-spatial wave function for $q^3 Q\bar Q$ systems in the compact pentaquark picture are constructed systematically for studying hidden charm pentaquark states.
The strangeness $s=+1$ pentaquark states as $qqqq\bar{q}$ clusters are investigated in this letter. Starting from the inherent geometric symmetry, we analyzed the inherent nodal structure of the system. As the nodeless states, the low-lying states are picked out. Then the S-wave state $(J^P, T)= ({1/2}^{-}, 0)$ and P-wave state $(J^P, T)= ({1/2}^{+}, 0)$ may be the candidates of low-lying pentaquark states. By comparing the accessibility of the two states and referring the presently obtained K-N interaction potential, we propose that the quantum numbers of the observed pentaquark state $Θ^{+}$…
In this talk I report on a computation of the spectra of exotic pentaquarks and radial excitations of the low--lying ${1/2}^+$ and ${3/2}^+$ baryons in a chiral soliton model.
Pentaquark baryons $Θ^{+}$ and $Ξ^{--}$ are studied in the dual gravity theory of QCD in which simple mass formulae of pentaquarks are derived in the Maldacena prototype model for supersymmetric QCD and a more realistic model for ordinary QCD. In this approach it is possible to explain the extremely narrow decay widths of pentaquarks. With the aim of constructing more reliable mass formulae, a sketch is given on spin and the hyperfine interaction in the string picture.
An attempt to study recently observed Pentaquark baryons is performed in the dual string theory of QCD. Mass formulae for Pentaquark baryons are naively estimated in the Maldacena's prototype model for supersymmetric QCD and a more realistic model for the ordinary QCD.
The flavor SU(3) group structure of pentaquark baryons which form $\bm{1}$, $\bm{8}$, $\bm{10}$, $\bar{\bm{10}}$, $\bm{27}$, and $\bm{35}$ multiplets is investigated in quark model. The flavor wave functions of all the pentaquark baryons are constructed in SU(3) quark model and their Yukawa interactions with meson octet are obtained in general and in the special case of the octet-antidecuplet ideal mixing with the OZI rule. The mass sum rules of pentaquark baryons are also discussed.
Evidence for the existence of exotic, pentaquark baryons was first found in the invariant mass spectrum of a baryon-meson pair, with the baryon in the octet of flavor SU(3). Exotic pentaquarks may also decay into members of the spin-3/2 baryon decuplet. We calculate relations between decay rates of the exotic pentaquark into a baryon decuplet and an octet of pseudoscalar mesons based on SU(3) flavor symmetry, including the leading flavor symmetry breaking term. We consider all possible representations for an exotic pentaquark, namely, that it belongs to either a \bar{10}, 27, or 35 representat…
We investigate the pentaquark($P$) exotic baryons as soliton-antiflavored heavy mesons bound states in the limit of infinitely heavy meson mass. Our approach respects the chiral symmetry as well as the heavy quark symmetry. The results reveal a possibility for the loosely bound non-strange $P$-baryon(s).
A review is given to pentaquark mass predictions in quark models and QCD. It is pointed out that no successful quark model prediction is available for low-lying pentaquark states. Some new results of direct application of QCD, QCD sum rules and lattice QCD, are also presented.
In the paper, we study the production of pentaquark $\bar{c}q qqq$ from singly bottom baryon. The tensor representations of pentaquark $\bar{c}q qqq$ are completed at first. Under the light quark symmetry analysis, we decompose the singly charmed pentaquarks into $6$, $15$ and $15'$ multiple states, and deduce the representations of these states. Then we construct the production Hamiltonian of the multiple states in proper order. For completeness, we systematically study the production channels of pentaquark states, including the possible production amplitudes and cross section relations betwe…
In this talk, we present our recent investigation on the magnetic moments of the exotic pentaquark states, based on the chiral quark-soliton model, all relevant intrinsic parameters being fixed by using empirical data.
In this article, we study the doubly heavy baryon states and pentaquark states with the QCD sum rules by carrying out the operator product expansion up to the vacuum condensates of dimension $7$ and $13$ respectively in a consistent way. In calculations, we separate the contributions of the negative parity and positive parity hadron states unambiguously, and study the masses and pole residues of the doubly heavy baryon states and pentaquark states in details. The present predictions can be confronted to the experimental data in the future.
We investigate the mass spectra of exotic hadrons known as pentaquarks. We extend a simple phenomenological model based on the Gürsey-Radicati mass formula for hadrons to include both charmed and bottom baryons as well as to be able to predict masses of pentaquark states including both charm and bottom quark-antiquark pairs. In particular, we perform numerical fits of this model, which includes seven free parameters, to masses of 21 baryons. We find that the model can be well fitted to the experimental values of the baryon masses and observe that the predicted value of about 4400 MeV for the m…
We briefly discuss the large Nc picture for excited baryons, present a new method for the calculation of matrix elements and illustrate it by computing the strong decays of heavy exotic states.
A review is given of the theoretical ideas concerning the mysterious pentaquark baryons proposed during the first year after its discovery. We focus on the difficulties involved with the constituent quark models and the discrepancy between the QCD predictions and most of the phenomenological models.
Using the bound state version of the topological soliton model for the baryons we show that the existence of a bound (or quasi-bound) $\bar D$-soliton state leads to the possibility of having hidden charm pentaquarks with quantum numbers and masses, which are compatible with those of the candidates recently reported by the LHCb experiment. The implications of heavy quark symmetry are elaborated.
We point out that naive pentaquark correlations function include two-hadron-reducible contributions, which are given by convolution of baryon and meson correlation functions and have nothing to do with pentaquark. We show that the two-hadron-reducible contributions are large in the operator product expansion of the correlation functions of three existing works on the pentaquark. Therefore, it is dangerous to draw a conclusion from the sum rules using naive pentaquark correlation functions with naive ansatz for the spectral function under the dispersion integral. Instead, we propose to use the …
We discuss certain general features of the pentaquark picture for the theta, its 10bar_F partner, Xi_{3/2}, and possible heavy quark analogues. Models employing spin-dependent interactions based on either effective Goldstone boson exchange or effective color magnetic exchange are also used to shed light on possible corrections to the Jaffe-Wilczek and Karliner-Lipkin scenarios. Some model-dependent features of the pentaquark picture (splitting patterns and relative decay couplings) are also discussed in the context of these models.
We propose a collective stringlike model of pentaquarks with the geometry of an equilateral tetrahedron in which the four quarks are located at the four corners and the antiquark in its center. The nonplanar equilibrium configuration is a consequence of the permutation symmetry of the four quarks. In an application to the spectrum of exotic Theta baryons, we find that the ground state pentaquark has angular momentum and parity J(p)=1/2(-) and a small magnetic moment of 0.382 nuclear magnetons. The decay width is suppressed by the spatial overlap with the decay products.
Heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory for pentaquarks is applied beyond leading order. The mass splitting in the pentaquark anti-decuplet is calculated up to NNLO. An expansion in the coupling of pentaquarks to non-exotic baryons simplifies calculations and makes the pentaquark masses insensitive to the pentaquark-nucleon mass difference. The possibility of determining coupling constants in the chiral Lagrangian on the lattice is discussed. Both positive and negative parities are considered.
I give a brief comment on the LHCb's discovery of $P_c$ and $P_{cs}$ pentaquark states. These pentaquark states not only reveal a new kind of hadronic molecules, but also shed new light on the possible structure of pentaquark components in baryons, hence may play very important role for understanding un-quenching dynamics and the whole baryon spectroscopy.
Recent strong experimental evidence of a narrow exotic S = +1 baryon resonance, $Θ^+$, suggests the existence of other exotic baryons. We discuss the prospects of confirming earlier experimental evidence of $Θ^+$ and the observation of additional hypothetical exotic baryons in $e^+e^-$ annihilations and $γγ$ collisions at LEP and B Factories.
The relativistic generalization of Faddeev-Yakubovsky approach is constructed in the form of the dispersion relations. The five-quark amplitudes for the low-lying pentaquarks contain u,d,s-quarks. The poles of these amplitudes determine the masses and widths of Theta-pentaquarks.
We present in this talk recent results of the magnetic moments of the baryon antidecuplet within the framework of the chiral quark-soliton model in the chiral limit. The dynamic parameters of the model are fixed by using the experimental data for those of the baryon octet. Sum rules for the magnetic moments are derived. We found that the magnetic moments of the baryon antidecuplet have opposite signs to their charges. The magnetic moments of the neutral baryon antidecuplet turn out to be compatible with zero.
The 1/N_c expansion for negative-parity heavy pentaquarks is developed using the formalism introduced for excited baryons in large N_c. Relations are found between the mass splittings of these pentaquarks and those of nonexotic baryons.
We study determination of the parity of the pentaquark baryons in two different processes. First, we investigate the Theta^+ production via the vec{p} vec{p} -> Sigma^+ Theta^+ reaction process which was proposed to determine unambiguously the parity of Theta^+. We observe the clear differences in the total cross sections and the spin observable A_{xx}. As for the Xi_5 in the bar{K} N -> K Xi_5 reaction process, the total cross section for the positive parity presents about one hundred times lager than that of the negative one due to the huge destructive interference.
We study the hadronic molecular structure of hidden heavy pentaquarks - new exotic states composed of charmed/bottom baryons and $D(D^*)/B(B^*)$ mesons. Based on the observation of three pentaquark candidates $P_c^+(4312)$, $P_c^+(4440)$, and $P_c^+(4457)$ by the LHCb Collaboration we consider the classification of possible flavor partners composed of charmed baryons and $D(D^*)$ mesons within the hadronic molecular approach. We extend this classification to the bottom sector. Using phenomenological Lagrangians we construct baryon-meson bound states governed by the Weinberg-Salam compositeness…
A diquark model is used to investigate single charmed baryons. In this model, baryon is composed of two diquarks and an antiquark. Masses of lowest lying states with $J^P= 1/2 ^ \pm$ are obtained. Some masses are smaller than other theoretic predictions which indicates that these baryons of pentaquark structure could be relatively stable. The results also show that $Λ(2882)$ may be a pentaquark with $J^P=1/2^-$ and $Ξ(3125)$ may be a pentaquark with $J^P=1/2^+$.
We investigate the quantum numbers of the pentaquark states $\textrm{P}_{\textrm{c}}^{+}$, which are composed of four (three flavors) quarks and an antiquark, by analyzing their inherent nodal structure in this paper. Assuming that the four quarks form a tetrahedron or a square, and the antiquark locates at the center of the four quark cluster, we determine the nodeless structure of the states with orbital angular moment $L \leq 3$, and in turn, the accessible low-lying states. Since the inherent nodal structure depends only on the inherent geometric symmetry, we propose the quantum numbers $J…
The $I(J^P)={1\over 2}({1\over 2}^-)$, ${1\over 2}({3\over 2}^-)$, and ${1\over 2}({5\over 2}^-)$ $uudc\overline{c}$ pentaquarks are investigated by the quark cluster model. This model, which reproduces the mass spectra of the color-singlet $S$-wave $q^3$ baryons and $q\overline{q}$ mesons, also enables us to evaluate the quark interaction in the color-octet $uud$ configurations. It is shown that the color-octet isospin-${1\over 2}$ spin-${3\over 2}$ $uud$ configuration gains attraction. The $uudc\overline{c}$ states with this configuration have structures around the $Σ_c{}^{(*)}\overline{D}{}…
The relativistic five-quark equations are found in the framework of the dispersion relation technique. The five-quark amplitudes for the low-lying pentaquarks including u, d quarks are calculated. The poles of the five-quark amplitudes determine the masses of the lowest pentaquarks. The calculation of pentaquark amplitudes estimates the contributions of four subamplitudes. The main contributions to the pentaquark amplitude are determined by the subamplitudes, which include the meson states M.
The 1/N expansion for exotic baryons is developed, and applied to the masses, meson couplings and decay widths. Masses and widths of the 27 and 35 pentaquark states in the same tower as the Theta+ are related by spin-flavor symmetry. The 27 and 35 states can decay within the pentaquark tower, as well as to normal baryons, and so have larger decay widths than the lightest pentaquark Theta. The 1/N expansion also is applied to baryon exotics containing a single heavy antiquark. The decay widths of heavy pentaquarks via pion emission, and to normal baryons plus heavy D^(*),B^(*) mesons are studie…
We investigate the electric form factors and charge radii of the pentaquark baryons within the framework of the chiral quark-soliton model. We consider the rotational $1/N_c$ and linear $m_s$ corrections, assuming isospin symmetry and employing the symmetry-conserving quantization. The flavor-decomposed charge densities of the $Θ^+$ are presented. The electric form factors and charge radii of the charged pentaquark baryons turn out to be very similar to those of the corresponding octet baryons. The charge radii of the neutral pentaquark baryons are obtained to be very tiny and positive. The st…
We estimate the high-energy behavior of the $Θ^+$ and $Λ(1520)$ production cross sections in inclusive $pp$ collisions using the $K$ exchange diagram. We show that the cross section of the $Θ^+$-production is suppressed compared to the production of $Λ(1520)$. As a byproduct we also estimate the contribution of the $π$ exchange diagram for the inclusive $Λ(1520)$ production in $Σp$ collisions.
We review the current status of the exotic pentaquark baryons. After a brief look at experiments of both positive and negative results, we discuss theoretical methods to study the structure and reactions for the pentaquarks. First we introduce the quark model and the chiral soliton model, where we discuss the relation of mass spectrum and parity with some emphasis on the role of chiral symmetry. It is always useful to picture the structure of the pentaquarks in terms of quarks. As for other methods, we discuss a model independent method, and briefly mention the results from the lattice and QCD…
We study the SU(3) group structure of pentaquark baryons which are made of four quarks and one antiquark. The pentaquark baryons form {1}, {8}, {10}, {10}-bar, {27}, and {35} multiplets in SU(3) quark model. First, the flavor wave functions of all the pentaquark baryons are constructed in SU(3) quark model and then the flavor SU(3) symmetry relations for the interactions of the pentaquarks with three-quark baryons and pentaquark baryons are obtained.
The relativistic five-quark equations are found in the framework of the dispersion relation technique. The five-quark amplitudes for the low-lying pentaquarks including the u,d,s-quarks are calculated. The poles of these amplitudes determine the masses of N- and Xi- pentaquarks. The mass spectra of the lowest pentaquarks with the 1/2+,1/2-,3/2+ are calculated. The mass values of the positive and negative parity pentaquarks are determined by the mixing of both 0+ and 1+ diquarks.
In this paper, we consider an exotic baryon (pentaquark) as a bound state of two-particle systems composed of a baryon (nucleon) and a meson.We used a baryon - meson picture to reduce a complicated five-body problem to a simple two-body problems. The homogeneous Lippmann-Schwinger integral equation is solved in configuration space by using one pion exchange potential. We calculate the masses of pentaquarks $θ_{c}(uudd\bar{c})$, $θ_{b}(uudd\bar{b})$.
In this study, pentaquark Pc(4380) composed of a baryon sigma_c and a D_* meson is considered. Pentaquark is as a bound state of two-body systems composed of a baryon and a meson. The calculated potential will be expanded and replaced in the Schrodinger equation until tenth sentences of expansion. Solving the Schrodinger equation with the expanded potential of Pentaquark leads to an analytically complete approach. As a consequence, the binding energy EB of pentaquark Pc and wave function are obtained. The results EB will presented in the form of tables so that we can review the existence of pe…
We derive, in model independent way, the spin structure of the matrix element for the reaction of associative $Θ^+$ pentaquark production, $π^{\pm}+D\to Θ^+ +Σ^{\pm}, $ in the threshold region and in collinear kinematics. The expressions for the polarization observables in this reaction are found assuming spin 1/2 and different parities for $Θ^+ .$ We have proved that such reaction can be used for a model independent determination of the P-parity of $Θ^+$ only by measuring the $Θ^+$ polarization. Other polarization observables, such as the dependence of the $Σ^{\pm}$ polarization on the vector…
Recent experimental evidence for the Theta^+(1540) has given rise to much theoretical interest in exotic baryons. The Theta^+ is a baryon that has strangeness S=+1, meaning that it contains an anti-strange quark. Thus it cannot be constructed from three quarks, unlike all other known baryons; it needs at least an extra quark-antiquark pair. It is usually modeled as a pentaquark state in the 10 bar representation of flavor SU(3), with flavor content \bar{s}uudd. This thesis considers possible heavy pentaquarks, in which the antiquark is charmed or bottom rather than strange. In the context of t…
With a view to exploring a new kind of phase transition in the process of hadronization of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) we investigate the occurrence of pentaquark baryons and tetraquark mesons in the system. For this purpose, the frame work of an analoguous Saha's ionization formula for the colored ions in the system is used. The study of color-ionic-fraction (CIF) of multiply (color) ionized to unionized quark clusters (termed as "quarkons") as a function of temperature is carried out. It is pointed out that not only the temperature of the fire-ball in the relativistic heavy ion collisions evolv…
We discuss the magnetic moments of the recently discovered exotic baryons Theta(+) and Xi(--) and their multiplet partners in the framework of a naive additive quark model. These baryons are set up as pentaquark states where four quarks and a single antiquark are located in their ground state orbit. The pentaquark states are classified as members of the flavor SU(3) octet and antidecuplet with spin-parity J^P = (1/2)^- and (3/2)^-, where we determine the magnetic moments of these pentaquark states.
In some models, exotic baryons with strangeness and anticharm or antibeauty should exist and even be stable against strong decay. We consider the stability of such possible exotic baryons, which in the constituent quark picture are called pentaquarks (each is composed of four quarks and an antiquark). Our model is based on diquark clustering and supersymmetry in hadrons, and assumes that the spin-dependent force between quarks arises from one-gluon exchange. In the model, a pentaquark with strangeness and anticharm can decay strongly, but an analogous pentaquark with an antibeauty quark is sta…
The pentaquark $P_c^+(4450)$ recently discovered by LHCb has been interpreted as a bound state of $Ψ(2S)$ and nucleon. The charmonium-nucleon interaction which provides the binding mechanism is given, in the heavy quark limit, in terms of charmonium chromoelectric polarizabilities and densities of the nucleon energy-momentum tensor (EMT). In this work we show in model-independent way, by exploring general properties of the effective interaction, that $Ψ(2S)$ can form bound states with nucleon and $Δ$. Using the Skyrme model to evaluate the effective interaction in the large-$N_c$ limit and est…
The pentaquarks are exotic baryons formed of four quarks and an antiquarks. Their existence has been discussed in the literature over the last 30 years or more, first in connection with kaon nucleon scattering data. The subject has been revived by the end of 2002 when experimental evidence of a narrow baryon of strangeness $S$ = + 1, and mass $M \simeq$ 1530 MeV has been found. This is interpreted as the lightest member of an SU(3)-flavor antidecuplet. Here we shall mainly review the predictions of pentaquark properties as e.g. mass, spin and parity, within constituent quark models. Both light…
The relativistic five-quark equations are found in the framework of the dispersion relation technique. The solutions of these equations using the method based on the extraction of leading singularities of the amplitudes are obtained. The five-quark amplitudes for the low-lying pentaquarks are calculated under the condition that flavor SU(3) symmetry holds. The poles of five-quark amplitudes determine the masses of the lowest pentaquarks. The mass spectra of pentaquarks which contain only light quarks are calculated. The calculation of pentaquark amplitudes estimates the contributions of three …
The relativistic five-quark equations are found in the framework of the dispersion relation technique. The solutions of these equations using the method based on the extraction of the leading singularities of the amplitudes are obtained. The five-quark amplitudes for the low-lying pentaquarks including the u, d, s- quarks are calculated. The poles of these amplitudes determine the masses of the negative parity pentaquarks with I = 0, 1 and spin 3/2-, 5/2-. The mass of the lowest pentaquark with I = 0 and spin 3/2- is equal to 1514 MeV.
We investigate light meson bound state contributions to six quark Green's functions and establish that the latter has poles corresponding to baryon bound states. We estimate light baryon masses including the Roper resonance. Constituent quark model and the Parton model are natural consequences of this quantum field theoretic picture. We elaborate this analysis to pentaquarks and heptaquarks. An almost model independent prediction for the mass of $θ$ pentaquark is $1.57Gev$.
The existence of pentaquarks with strangeness content zero and one are major discoveries of the latest years in hadron physics. Most of these states can be understood as hadronic molecules and were predicted prior to their discovery within a model based on unitarized meson-baryon amplitudes obtained from vector meson exchange interactions. Contrary to earlier statements, we show this model to also predict the existence of pentaquarks with double strangeness, at about 4500 MeV and 4600 MeV, which are generated in a very specific and unique mechanism, via an attraction induced by a strong coupli…
In present work, we investigate the spectrum of several low-lying $sscq\bar{q}$ pentaquark configurations employing the constituent quark model, within which the hyperfine interaction between quarks is taken to be mediated by Goldstone boson exchange. Our numerical results show that four $sscq\bar{q}$ configurations with $J^{P}=1/2^{-}$ or $J^{P}=3/2^{-}$ lie at energies very close to the recently observed five $Ω_{c}^{0}$ states by LHCb collaboration, this indicates that the $sscq\bar{q}$ pentaquark configurations may form sizable components of the observed $Ω_{c}^{0}$ resonances.
We study the recently discovered Theta^+ baryon in the context of the perturbative chiral quark model. The basic configuration of the Theta^+ is set up as a pentaquark bound state, where the single particle wave functions are the ground state solutions of a confining potential. We classify the resulting pentaquark multiplets as the J^P=1/2^- and 3/2^- flavor SU(3) antidecuplet. The full mass spectrum of the multiplets is determined by including meson and gluon cloud contributions inducing flavor SU(3) breaking. Mainly due to the semi-perturbative gluon effects the resulting 3/2^- antidecuplet …
Spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking, mesons and baryons are illustrated in the language of the Dirac theory. Various forces acting between quarks inside baryons are discussed. I explain why the naive quark models typically overestimate pentaquark masses by some 500 MeV and why in the fully relativistic approach to baryons pentaquarks turn out to be light. I discuss briefly why it can be easier to produce pentaquarks at low than at high energies.
We calculate light-front wave functions of mesons, baryons and pentaquarks in a model including constituent mass (representing chiral symmetry breaking), harmonic confining potential, and 4-quark local interaction of 't Hooft type. The model is a simplified version of that used by Jia and Vary. The method used is numerical diagonalization of the Hamiltonian matrix, with certain functional basis. We found that the nucleon wave function displays strong diquar correlations, unlike that for Delta (decuplet) baryon. We also calculate 3-quark-5-quark admixture to baryons, and the resulting antiquark…
We calculate the cross sections for the inclusive production in the fragmentation region of $Θ^+(1540)$ and $Λ(1520)$ in $pp$ collisions and $Λ(1520)$ in $Σp$ collisions at high energy using the $K$- and $π$-meson exchange diagrams, respectively. The contributions of these diagrams survive at asymptotically large energies and are energy independent in this region up to logarithmic and power corrections. We find that inclusive $Θ^+(1540)$ production should be at the level of 1 $μ\mathrm{b}\timesΓ_{ΘKN}/ 1$ MeV. The ratio of the $Θ^+(1540)$ over the $Λ(1520)$ yields is found to be $\sim 1%$. The…
