Wen-Hong Ruan, Chang Liu, Zong-Kuan Guo, Yue-Liang Wu, Rong-Gen Cai
Both LISA and Taiji, planned space-based gravitational-wave detectors in orbit around the Sun, are expected to launch in 2030-2035. Assuming a one-year overlap, we explore a potential LISA-Taiji network to fast and accurately localize the gravitational-wave sources.
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The space-borne gravitational wave (GW) detectors, LISA and TAIJI, are planned to be launched in the 2030s. The dual detectors with comparable sensitivities will form a network observing GW with significant advantages. In this work, we investigate the three possible LISA-TAIJI networks for the different location and orientation compositions of LISA orbit ($+60^\circ$ inclination and trailing the Earth by $20^\circ$) and alternative TAIJI orbit configurations including TAIJIp ($+60^\circ$ inclination and leading the Earth by $20^\circ$), TAIJIc ($+60^\circ$ inclination and co-located with LISA)…
In previous work [1], three TAIJI orbital deployments have been proposed to compose alternative LISA-TAIJI networks, TAIJIm (leading the Earth by $20^\circ$ and $-60^\circ$ inclined with respect to ecliptic plane), TAIJIp (leading the Earth by $20^\circ$ and $+60^\circ$ inclined), TAIJIc (colocated and coplanar with LISA) with respect to the LISA mission (trailing the Earth by $20^\circ$ and $+60^\circ$ inclined). And the LISA-TAIJIm network has been identified as the most capable configuration for massive black hole binary observation. In this work, we examine the performance of three network…
The success of LISA Pathfinder in demonstrating the LISA drag-free requirement paved the road of using space missions for detecting low-frequency and middle-frequency GWs. The new LISA GW mission proposes to use arm length of 2.5 Gm (1 Gm = 106 km). The TAIJI GW mission proposes to use arm length of 3 Gm. In order to attain the requisite sensitivity, laser frequency noise must be suppressed to below the secondary noises such as the optical path noise, acceleration noise etc. In previous papers, we have performed the numerical simulation of the time delay interferometry (TDI) for original LISA,…
Gravitational waves (GWs) from tens of millions of compact binaries in our Milky Way enter the milli-Hertz band of space-based detection. The majority of them cannot be resolved individually, resulting in a foreground confusion noise for Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). The concept of Taiji mission is similar to LISA's with slightly better sensitivity, which means that the galactic GW signals will also affect the detection with Taiji. Here we generate the GW signals from 29.8 million galactic binaries for Taiji and subtract the `resolvable' sources. The confusion noise is estimated a…
As one of the detection targets of all gravitational wave detectors at present, stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) provides us an important way to understand the evolution of our universe. In this paper, we explore the feasibility of detecting the SGWB generated by the loops, which arose throughout the cosmological evolution of the cosmic string network, by individual space detectors (e.g.~LISA, TAIJI) and joint space detectors (LISA-TAIJI). For joint detectors, we choose three different configurations of TAIJI (e.g.~TAIJIm, TAIJIp, TAIJIc) to form the LISA-TAIJI networks. And we …
LISA is considered to be launched alongside the Athena to probe the energetic astrophysical processes. LISA can determine the direction of sources for Athena's follow-up observation. As another space gravitational wave mission, TAIJI is expected to be launched in the 2030s. The LISA-TAIJI network would provide abundant merits for sources understanding. In this work, we simulate the joint LISA-TAIJI observations for gravitational waves from coalescing supermassive black hole binaries and monochromatic sources. By using the numerical mission orbits, we evaluate the performances of sky localizati…
Alternative LISA-TAIJI networks: Detectability of the Parity Violation in Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background
本研究评估LISA-TAIJIp与LISA-TAIJIm两种网络配置探测随机引力波背景中宇称破坏的能力，发现后者在低频段灵敏度高一个数量级，更利于检验宇称破坏引力理论。
Overlap reduction functions for a polarized stochastic gravitational-wave background in the Einstein Telescope-Cosmic Explorer and the LISA-Taiji networks
本文将基于球谐展开的重叠减少函数计算方法推广到第三代地基 Einstein Telescope-Cosmic Explorer 网络及 LISA-Taiji 空间联合任务，以分析极化随机引力波背景。
Two polarization modes of gravitational wave are derived from the general relativity which are plus and cross modes. However, the alternative theories of gravity can yield the gravitational wave with up to six polarizations. Searching for the polarizations beyond plus and cross is an important test of general relativity. In principle, one space-borne detector, like LISA, could measure the gravitational wave polarizations from a long time observation with its orbital motion. With the comparable sensitivities, the joint LISA and TAIJI missions will improve the observations on the polarization pr…
Alternative LISA-TAIJI networks: polarization separation of the stochastic gravitational wave background
本研究探讨LISA-TAIJIp与LISA-TAIJIm两种网络探测、区分各向同性SGWB偏振分量的能力，发现LISA-TAIJIm配置偏振简并性更弱，大角度网络更利于SGWB偏振测量。
LISA and Taiji are expected to form a space-based gravitational-wave (GW) detection network in the future. In this work, we make a forecast for the cosmological parameter estimation with the standard siren observation from the LISA-Taiji network. We simulate the standard siren data based on a scenario with configuration angle of $40^{\circ}$ between LISA and Taiji. Three models for the population of massive black hole binary (MBHB), i.e., pop III, Q3d, and Q3nod, are considered to predict the events of MBHB mergers. We find that, based on the LISA-Taiji network, the number of electromagnetic (…
Gravitational wave (GW) detection in space probes GW spectrum that is inaccessible from the Earth. In addition to LISA project led by European Space Agency, and the DECIGO detector proposed by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, two Chinese space-based GW observatories -- TianQin and Taiji -- are planned to be launched in the 2030s. TianQin has a unique concept in its design with a geocentric orbit. Taiji's design is similar to LISA, but is more ambitious with longer arm distance. Both facilities are complementary to LISA, considering that TianQin is sensitive to higher frequencies and Tai…
The ability of Lisa, Taiji, and their networks to detect the stochastic gravitational wave background generated by Cosmic Strings
本研究评估Lisa、Taiji及其联合网络探测宇宙弦产生的随机引力波背景的能力，发现Lisa-Taiji网络性能最优，能高精度估计弦张力并提供强证据。
Recently, Tamanini & Danielski (2019) discussed the possibility to detect circumbinary exoplanets (CBPs) orbiting double white dwarfs (DWDs) with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA). Extending their methods and criteria, we discuss the prospects for detecting exoplanets around DWDs not only by LISA, but also by Taiji, a Chinese space-borne gravitational-wave (GW) mission which has a slightly better sensitivity at low frequencies. We first explore how different binary masses and mass ratios affect the abilities of LISA and Taiji to detect CBPs. Second, for certain known detached DWDs …
PTA-Compatible Domain Walls at LISA and Taiji: Bayesian Reconstruction and Multiband Inference
本文研究畴壁引力波谱的紫外尾部在mHz频段的可探测性，通过贝叶斯方法分析LISA/Taiji单独及联合PTA的重建能力，发现高信号区域可有效打破简并。
In this work, we discuss the improvement that the joint network of LISA and Taiji could provide on exploring two kinds of black hole formation mechanisms. For astrophysical origin, we consider light seed and heavy seed scenarios, and generate populations accordingly. We find that the joint network has the potential to observe growing light seeds in the range 15 < z < 20, while single detector can hardly see, which would shed light on the light seeding mechanism. For the heavy seeds, the joint network only improves the signal-to-noise ratio. For primordial origin, we calculate the event rate at…
Subtraction of the confusion foreground and parameter uncertainty of resolvable galactic binaries on the networks of space-based gravitational-wave detectors
本文模拟银河系双星前景混淆，评估LISA、太极、天琴及其组合网络扣除可分辨双星的能力，发现增加探测器数量可优化灵敏度并降低参数不确定性，且电磁探测能显著提升引力波参数测量精度，促进多信使天文学。
The Taiji-TianQin-LISA network: Precisely measuring the Hubble constant using both bright and dark sirens
本研究评估太极-天琴-LISA网络利用亮暗标准汽笛测量哈勃常数，亮暗场景精度分别达0.9%和1.2%，并联合CMB数据约束暗能量，助力解决哈勃张力。
Construction of Sensitivity Curves for Dynamic LISA and Taiji
本文基于日心轨道模型和不等臂干涉仪配置，构建了动态LISA和太极的指向相关灵敏度曲线，发现低频灵敏度变化约20%，导致可探测源数量方向依赖变化约70%。
Revisiting time delay interferometry for unequal-arm LISA and TAIJI
本文利用数值轨道研究不等臂 LISA/TAIJI 的第一代时间延迟干涉测量灵敏度，发现 T 通道在低频段偏离等臂情形且残余激光噪声不满足任务要求。
A space-based gravitational-wave detector, LISA, consists of a triangle of three spacecrafts with a separation distance of 2.5 million kilometers in a heliocentric orbit behind the Earth. Like LISA, Taiji is compose of a triangle of three spacecrafts with a separation distance of 3 million kilometers in a heliocentric orbit ahead of the Earth. They are expected to launch in 2030-2035. Assuming a one-year overlap, we propose the LISA-Taiji network in space to fast and accurately localize the gravitational-wave sources. We use the Fisher information matrix approach to analyze the sky localizatio…
Parity violation is a powerful observable to distinguish a cosmological background of Gravitational Waves (GWs) from an astrophysical one. Planar single GW interferometers, both on ground and in space, are unable to measure the net circular polarization of an isotropic Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB). In this paper, we explore the possibility of detecting circular polarization of an isotropic SGWB by cross-correlating two space-based detectors planned to be launched around 2034: LISA and Taiji. We compute the response of such a network to chirality and we perform a Fisher forec…
The vector and scalar polarization modes of gravitational waves do not exist in General Relativity, and their detection would have significant impacts on fundamental physics. In this paper, we explored the detectability of these anomalous polarization modes in a gravitational wave background around 1 mHz with the future LISA-Taiji network. The inherent geometrical symmetry of the network largely simplifies the correlation analysis. By taking a suitable linear combination of the correlated outputs, the contribution of the standard tensor modes can be canceled algebraically, and the anomalous mo…
Effects of Solar Wind Plasma Noise on Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background Searches with the LISA-Taiji Network
研究太阳风等离子体噪声对LISA-太极网络随机引力波背景搜索的影响，用Lomb-Scargle方法估计太阳风电子密度波动谱，计算探测器间等离子体噪声引起的参数偏差，表明该噪声影响不能仅由单探测器剩余噪声评估。
Measuring the anisotropies in astrophysical and cosmological gravitational-wave backgrounds with Taiji and LISA networks
本文评估 Taiji 与 LISA 空间探测器网络对随机引力波背景各向异性角功率谱的测量能力，显示其精度最高可提升十四个数量级，并分析宇宙方差与运动学偶极矩探测前景。
Detectability of the chiral gravitational wave background from audible axions with the LISA-Taiji network
本文利用LISA-Taiji网络对手征引力波背景进行参数估计，发现轴子-暗光子和轴子-聂-严耦合的归一化模型参数及圆偏振参数在1-sigma置信水平下能被高精度约束。
Probing Helical Primordial Magnetic Fields via Chiral Gravitational Waves in the LISA-TAIJI Network
本研究通过LISA-TAIJI网络探测螺旋原初磁场产生的圆偏振引力波背景，计算信噪比并预测可约束螺旋功率比，为未来观测提供判据。
Mapping Anisotropies in the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background with space detector networks
本研究首次建立TianQin、LISA、Taiji联合的空间引力波探测器网络的各向异性随机引力波背景专用分析流水线，通过最大似然估计实现全天图重建，最高可探测多极矩l=14的角功率谱，助力致密双星与早期宇宙研究。
Constraints and detection capabilities of GW polarizations with space-based detectors in different TDI combinations
本文研究了不同TDI组合对引力波极化检测的影响，分析了LISA、 Taiji和TianQin探测器在不同极化模式下的灵敏度和SNR性能，揭示了不同探测器在检测额外极化模式时的差异。
Identifying Monochromatic Signals in LISA and Taiji via Spectral Split: Gravitational Waves versus Ultralight Dark Matter
针对超轻暗物质与银河系致密双星引力波的单色信号区分难题，研究利用探测器日心运动引发的年度调制频谱分裂特征，提出可明确识别信号性质并高精度推断参数的方法，拓宽了LISA和太极等空间引力波探测器的科学目标。
Testing the Transverse Scalar Mode of Gravitational Quantum Field Theory with Taiji and LISA
研究利用太极和丽莎探测引力量子场论的横向标量模式，采用零响应通道抑制其他极化贡献，通过动态轨道模型模拟星座，计算响应函数等并与标准通道比较，证明该通道可作为测试非广义相对论极化的可靠工具。
Detectability to extreme mass ratio inspirals with alternative space-based detector networks
研究LISA、天琴和两种太极轨道构型组成的探测器网络对EMRI的探测能力，发现联合观测可将源定位不确定性降低两个数量级，且三探测器网络一个月观测的参数约束可与LISA单独一年观测相当。
Distinguishing Monochromatic Signals in LISA and Taiji: Ultralight Dark Matter versus Gravitational Waves
本文提出利用干涉仪的零响应通道区分超轻暗物质与引力波产生的单色信号，通过分析不同频率下的响应特性，为未来空间引力波探测任务提供新的诊断工具。
The effects of data gaps on ringdown signals with space-based joint observation
本研究定量评估了天基引力波天文台中数据间隙对铃宕信号观测的影响，发现其使参数估计误差增加约2.1倍（(2,2)模式）和1.6倍（(3,3)模式），并验证了太极-LISA和太极-天琴联合观测能显著缓解该影响。
Correlated Galactic Confusion Foreground for the LISA-Taiji-TianQin Network and Its Impacts on Resolvable-Source Analysis
针对 LISA-Taiji-TianQin 网络，构建相关银河系混淆前景噪声模型，发现其显著影响高质量 MBHB 和低频 GB 的 SNR，但无参数偏差，并公开代码与数据。
Accuracy of numerical relativity waveforms with respect to space-based gravitational wave detectors
针对空间引力波探测器数值相对论波形精度研究不足的问题，本文研究发现现有数值相对论波形对LISA、太极、天琴的精度达99%，与LIGO场景下的精度水平相当，为空间探测波形模板构建提供基础。
Calibration Method of Spacecraft-Inertial Sensor Center-of-Mass Offset for the Taiji Gravitational Wave Detection Mission under Science Mode
本文提出了一种无需航天器机动的校准方法，通过基于模型的自适应卡尔曼滤波器实现高精度质心偏移估计，确保引力波信号的连续性和相干性。
Taiji Data Challenge for Exploring Gravitational Wave Universe
本文介绍面向2030年代天基引力波任务太极的首个数据挑战赛，提出更真实的数据生成、探测器响应、轨道、TDI及波形方案，并以玩具数据集验证参数估计流程。
Improving the resolution of double white dwarf systems with spaceborne gravitational wave observatories using a robust astrophysical prior
本文在迭代GBSIEVER管道中引入基于白矮星质量极限和引力波频率及其时间导数关系的强天体物理先验，显著提升了LISA及LISA-太极网络对双白矮星源的分辨率和参数估计精度。
Extracting gravitational wave (GW) signals from individual Galactic binaries (GBs) against their self-generated confusion noise is a key data analysis challenge for space-borne detectors operating in the $\approx 0.1$ mHz to $\approx 10$ mHz range. Given the likely prospect that there will be multiple such detectors, namely LISA, Taiji, and Tianqin, with overlapping operational periods in the next decade, it is important to examine the extent to which the joint analysis of their data can benefit GB resolution and parameter estimation. To investigate this, we use realistic simulated LISA and Ta…
Primordial Gravitational Waves in Parity-violating Symmetric Teleparallel Gravity
本研究将宇称破缺对称远平行引力应用于轴子暴胀，发现快子不稳定性可放大特定偏振的原初引力波，形成多峰手征信号，有望被LISA-Taiji网络探测，并预测了该网络对模型参数的约束能力。
Prospects of constraining on the polarizations of gravitational waves from binary black holes using space- and ground-based detectors
本文利用参数化后 Einstein 框架评估多种天基、地基探测器及其网络对双黑洞引力波六种偏振模式的约束能力，表明多波段联合观测可显著缓解简并并增强对广义相对论的检验。
A single space-based gravitational wave detector will push the boundaries of astronomy and fundamental physics. Having a network of two or more detectors would significantly improve source localization. Here we consider how dual networks of space-based detectors would improve parameter estimation of massive black hole binaries. We consider two scenarios: a network comprised of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and an additional LISA-like heliocentric detector (e.g. Taiji); and a network comprised of LISA with an an additional geocentric detector (e.g. TianQin). We use Markov chain …
We discuss exploration for isotropic gravitational wave backgrounds around 1 mHz by correlation analysis, targeting both parity odd and even polarization modes. Even though the space interferometer LISA alone cannot probe the two modes due to cancellations, the outlook is being changed drastically by the strong development of other space detectors such as Taiji. In fact, a heliocentric interferometer network holds a preferable geometrical symmetry {illuminated by a virtual sphere off-center from the Sun}. By utilizing an internal symmetry of data streams, we can optimally decompose the odd and…
Testing Gravitational-Wave Signal From Verification Binaries with Space-Based Gravitational-Wave Detectors
本文评估了空间引力波探测器对验证双星的检测能力，发现DECIGO单个探测器可检测71个源，而完整网络可提升至73个源，显著提高参数估计精度。
Probing the galactic and extragalactic gravitational wave backgrounds with space-based interferometers
本研究利用LISA及LISA-天琴组合，通过时间相关响应函数分析各向异性随机引力波背景的球谐系数，发现无法严格约束银河系信号，但可高置信度区分并确认银河系与河外星系背景的存在。
With the recent strong developments of TianQin and Taiji, we now have an increasing chance to make a correlation analysis in the mHz band by operating them together with LISA. Assuming two LISA-like triangular detectors at general geometrical configurations, we develop a simple formulation to evaluate the network sensitivity to an isotropic gravitational wave background. In our formulation, we fully use the symmetry of data channels within each triangular detector and provide tractable expressions without directly employing cumbersome detector tensors. We concretely evaluate the expected netwo…
Gravitational wave detection in space promises to open a new window in astronomy to study the strong field dynamics of gravitational physics in astrophysics and cosmology. The present article is an extract of a report on a feasibility study of gravitational wave detection in space, commissioned by the National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences almost a decade ago. The objective of the study was to explore various possible mission options to detect gravitational waves in space alternative to that of the (e)LISA mission concept and look into the requirements on the technological …
We study the stellar binary black holes (BBHs) inspiralling/merging in galactic nuclei based on our numerical method GNC. We find that $3-40\%$ of all new born BBHs will finally merge due to various dynamical effects. In a five year's mission, up to $10^4$, $10^5$, $\sim100$ of BBHs inspiralling/merging in galactic nuclei can be detected with SNR$>8$ in aLIGO, Einstein/DECIGO, TianQin/LISA/TaiJi, respectively. About tens are detectable in both LISA/TaiJi/TianQin and aLIGO. These BBHs have two unique characteristics: (1) Significant eccentricities. $1-3\%$, $2-7\%$, or $30-90\%$ of them is with…
Suppressing data anomalies of gravitational reference sensors with time delay interferometry combinations
针对LISA和太极任务中引力参考传感器的数据异常问题，提出采用位置噪声抑制型时间延迟干涉通道，可在敏感频带内将异常抑制超两个数量级，且无需异常先验模型。
Detection of the stochastic gravitational wave background with the space-borne gravitational-wave detector network
本文提出基于 TDI Michelson 型通道的贝叶斯方法，研究天琴-LISA 网络对各向同性随机引力波背景的探测能力，并给出三个月观测下不同模型的最低可探测能量密度。
High-Precision Ground Characterization of Test-Mass Magnetic Properties for the Taiji Gravitational Wave Mission via a Physics-Informed Neural Framework
本文提出一种融合动态噪声评估的AI增强型可微加权最小二乘框架，用于高精度表征Taiji测试质量的剩磁和体积磁化率，以解决 torsion-pendulum 设施中的非稳态背景噪声问题。
Arm-Locking Frequency Noise Suppression for Astronomical Middle-Frequency Interferometric Gravitational Wave Observatory
本文研究将臂锁定技术应用于 AMIGO 引力波观测台，可将激光频率噪声抑制三个数量级，使辅助噪声分配更宽松，并在不到一天内将多普勒频率牵引降至 ±0.001 Hz 以内。
Detectability of Nearby Binary Neutron Stars with Future sub-mHz Gravitational Wave Missions
本文基于双中子星的模拟数据，评估未来亚毫赫兹引力波探测器对近邻双中子星的探测能力，发现LISAmax、Folkner和eASTROD在不同频率下对高偏心率系统有不同探测优势，且部分候选源如J0737-3039可能达到高信噪比。
Gravitational wave (GW) radiations from numerous cosmic stellar-compact-binaries form a stochastic GW background (GWB), which is expected to be detected by ground and space GW detectors in future. Theoretical predictions of this GWB were mostly obtained by assuming either circular binaries and/or a specific channel for binary formation, which may have some uncertainties. In this paper, we estimate the GWB and its spectrum by using simple models for the formation of both stellar mass binary black holes (sBBHs) and binary neutron stars (BNSs). We consider that the dynamically originated sBBHs ha…
GWSpace: a multi-mission science data simulator for space-based gravitational wave detection
GWSpace是一个基于开源资源构建的多任务科学数据模拟器，可在统一太阳系质心坐标系下联合模拟天琴、LISA和太极的探测数据，为空间引力波联合观测数据分析提供即用型工具。
Inferring the stochastic gravitational-wave background from eccentric stellar-mass binary black holes with spaceborne detectors
采用贝叶斯框架评估空间探测器对偏心恒星质量双黑洞随机引力波背景的探测能力与区分特征，发现来自孤立和球状星团通道的背景可被探测但谱退化，而活跃星系核通道的高偏心背景具有谱转折特征可被区分。
Revealing the origin of supermassive black holes with Taiji-TianQin network
Taiji-TianQin 网络通过引力波探测提升对高红移大质量黑洞二元体形成机制的识别能力，实现高精度区分不同起源并提高探测效率。
Probing Dark Matter Spike with Gravitational Waves from Early EMRIs in the Milky Way Center
本文研究银河系中心早期极端质量比旋近中暗物质动力学摩擦对引力波谱的影响，发现其可能导致低频抑制、高频增强的可检测偏差，从而为LISA和Taiji等空间引力波探测器提供暗物质探测新途径。
It was shown that the dark matter(DM) minihalo around an intermediate mass black hole(IMBH) can be redistributed into a cusp, called the DM minispike. We consider an intermediate-mass-ratio inspiral consisting of an IMBH harbored in a DM minispike with nonannihilating DM particles and a small black hole(BH) orbiting around it. We investigate gravitational waves(GWs) produced by this system and analyze the waveforms with the comprehensive consideration of gravitational pull, dynamical friction and accretion of the minispike and calculate the time difference and phase difference caused by it. We…
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