首页/论文/2002.01476

arXiv 2002.014762020-02-04astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM

Observational Signatures of Sub-Relativistic Meteors

Amir Siraj, Abraham Loeb

备注：: 10 pages, 7 figures; submitted for publication

英文摘要：

It is currently unknown whether solid particles larger than dust from supernova ejecta rain down on Earth at high speeds. We develop a hydrodynamic and radiative model to explore the detectability of $\gtrsim 1 \mathrm{\; mm}$ sub-relativistic meteors. We find that a large fraction of the meteor energy during its passage through the Earth's upper atmosphere powers the adiabatic expansion of a hot plasma cylinder, giving rise to acoustic shocks detectable by infrasound microphones. Additionally, a global network of several hundred all-sky optical cameras with a time resolution of $\lesssim 10^{-4} \mathrm{\;s}$ would be capable of detecting $\gtrsim 1 \mathrm{\; mm}$ sub-relativistic meteors.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

阅读原文

阅读 PDF ↗

arXiv 页面 ↗HTML 原文 ↗

本文内容

英文摘要相关论文

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

继续探索

相关论文

Estimating trajectories of meteors: an observational Monte Carlo approach -- II. Results

In the first paper of this series we examined existing methods of optical meteor trajectory estimation and developed a novel method which simultaneously uses both the geometry and the dynamics of meteors to constrain their trajectories. We also developed a simulator which uses an ablation model to generate realistic synthetic meteor trajectories which we use to test meteor trajectory solvers. In this second paper, we perform simulation validation to estimate radiant and velocity accuracy which may be achieved by various meteor observation systems as applied to several meteor showers. For low-r…

2019-11-26astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM

Estimating trajectories of meteors: an observational Monte Carlo approach -- I. Theory

It has recently been shown by Egal et al. (2017) that some types of existing meteor in-atmosphere trajectory estimation methods may be less accurate than others, particularly when applied to high precision optical measurements. The comparative performance of trajectory solution methods has previously only been examined for a small number of cases. Besides the radiant, orbital accuracy depends on the estimation of pre-atmosphere velocities, which have both random and systematic biases. Thus it is critical to understand the uncertainty in velocity measurement inherent to each trajectory estimati…

2020-04-21astro-ph.EP

An observational synthesis of the Taurid meteor complex

We provide an overview of the observational properties of the four major Taurid showers, namely the Northern and Southern Taurids (#017 NTA and #002 STA), the Beta Taurids (#173 BTA) and the Zeta Perseids (#172 ZPE). Analysing more than two decades of meteor observations from visual, optical and radar measurements we present the Taurids average activity, annual variations in strength, radiant drift and orbital variations as a function of solar longitude and particle size. The Taurid showers are detected over several weeks in the spring and autumn, but their annual activity level is generally l…

2022-02-10astro-ph.EP

小行星活动在陨石数据集中的表现：确认新的“岩石-彗星”流及寻找潮汐破坏特征

Asteroidal activity amongst meteor datasets: Confirmed new "rock-comet" stream and search for a tidal disruption signature

NASA Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division, Johnson Space Center（NASA 天体材料研究与探索科学部，约翰逊航天中心）

研究通过分析陨石数据发现新的‘岩石-彗星’流，并确认无近期潮汐破坏特征，但发现小行星轨道与近太阳热机械活动一致。

2026-02-18astro-ph.EP

Velocity distribution of larger meteoroids and small asteroids impacting Earth

Various meteor and fireball networks exist worldwide. Most data sets which include ground-based observational data of meteors are affected by biases. The larger and faster the entering meteoroid, the brighter is the produced meteor. Hence, small and slow objects often stay undetected. This bias of meteor observations towards faster meteoroids is a challenge if quantitative population and flux models are derived. In this work the velocity distribution of objects in space is analysed by using different data sets that are not affected by this velocity bias since they include only large objects, l…

2020-11-16astro-ph.EP

Dormant Comets Among the Near-Earth Object Population: A Meteor-Based Survey

Dormant comets in the near-Earth object (NEO) population are thought to be involved in the terrestrial accretion of water and organic materials. Identification of dormant comets is difficult as they are observationally indistinguishable from their asteroidal counterparts, however they may have produced dust during their final active stages which potentially are detectable today as weak meteor showers at the Earth. Here we present the result of a reconnaissance survey looking for dormant comets using 13~567~542 meteor orbits measured by the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar (CMOR). We simulate the dy…

2016-07-25astro-ph.EP

更多相关论文收起更多论文

The Observational Effects and Signatures of Tidally Distorted Solid Exoplanets

Our work examines the detectability of tidally distorted solid exoplanets in synchronous rotation. Previous work has shown that tidally distorted shapes of close-in gas giants can give rise to radius underestimates and subsequently density overestimates for those planets. We examine the assumption that such an effect is too minimal for rocky exoplanets and find that for smaller M Class stars there may be an observationally significant tidal distortion effect at very close-in orbits. We quantify the effect for different stellar types and planetary properties using some basic assumptions. Finall…

2014-10-08astro-ph.EP

环双星盘的观测特征 I：运动学

Observational Signatures of Circumbinary Discs I: Kinematics

本文基于3D流体动力学模拟和Monte Carlo辐射转移后处理，提出五个形态与运动学标准（如中心空腔、旋臂、等速度曲线扰动及红蓝翼不对称性）来判定原行星盘是否为环双星盘，并为后两项不对称性提供了定量指标。

2023-06-13astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM

Predicting the observational signature of migrating Neptune-sized planets in low-viscosity disks

The migration of planetary cores embedded in a protoplanetary disk is an important mechanism within planet-formation theory, relevant for the architecture of planetary systems. Consequently, planet migration is actively discussed, yet often results of independent theoretical or numerical studies are unconstrained due to the lack of observational diagnostics designed in light of planet migration. In this work we follow the idea of inferring the migration behavior of embedded planets by means of the characteristic radial structures that they imprint in the disk's dust density distribution. We ru…

2019-10-28astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM

Observational Signatures of Self-Destructive Civilisations

We address the possibility that intelligent civilisations that destroy themselves could present signatures observable by humanity. Placing limits on the number of self-destroyed civilisations in the Milky Way has strong implications for the final three terms in Drake's Equation, and would allow us to identify which classes of solution to Fermi's Paradox fit with the evidence (or lack thereof). Using the Earth as an example, we consider a variety of scenarios in which humans could extinguish their own technological civilisation. Each scenario presents some form of observable signature that coul…

2015-07-30astro-ph.EP

环双星盘的观测特征 II：速度残差中的运动学特征

Observational Signatures of Circumbinary Discs II: Kinematic Signatures in Velocity Residuals

本研究探讨了环双星盘速度残差中的运动学特征，发现多种普遍存在的信号，并通过模拟对比观测，为多个原行星盘的双星属性提供了运动学证据。

2024-07-31astro-ph.EP

DART撞击抛射物向火星和地球的输送：流星观测的机会

Delivery of DART Impact Ejecta to Mars and Earth: Opportunity for Meteor Observations

本研究通过模拟DART撞击抛射物的动力学，发现其抛射物可能在7至13年内到达火星和地球，为流星观测提供了预测和特征信息。

2024-08-30astro-ph.EP

Observational signatures of linear warps in circumbinary discs

In recent years an increasing number of observational studies have hinted at the presence of warps in protoplanetary discs, however a general comprehensive description of observational diagnostics of warped discs was missing. We performed a series of 3D SPH hydrodynamic simulations and combined them with 3D radiative transfer calculations to study the observability of warps in circumbinary discs, whose plane is misaligned with respect to the orbital plane of the central binary. Our numerical hydrodynamic simulations confirm previous analytical results on the dependence of the warp structure on…

2017-01-10astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR

Flybys in protoplanetary discs: II. Observational signatures

Tidal encounters in star clusters perturb discs around young protostars. In Cuello et al. (2019a, Paper I) we detailed the dynamical signatures of a stellar flyby in both gas and dust. Flybys produce warped discs, spirals with evolving pitch angles, increasing accretion rates, and disc truncation. Here we present the corresponding observational signatures of these features in optical/near-infrared scattered light and (sub-) millimeter continuum and CO line emission. Using representative prograde and retrograde encounters for direct comparison, we post-process hydrodynamical simulations with ra…

2019-10-15astro-ph.EPastro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR

Observational signatures of the giant planets collisions

We consider observational signatures of the collisions and partial destructions of giant exoplanets at the chaotic stage of the planetary systems evolution. The rate of these collisions in the Galaxy is estimated to be ~0.01-1 per yr. In the inelastic collision with a small relative velocity and small impact parameter, the planets may sufficiently lose their kinetic energy and merge together. Otherwise, if the planet is experienced a shallow tangential collision, it flews safety away. At the same time, the planets loss some part of their gas envelopes during mutual collisions. Collisions of th…

2013-03-24astro-ph.EP

Three-Dimensional Disk-Satellite Interaction: Torques, Migration, and Observational Signatures

The interaction of a satellite with a gaseous disk results in the excitation of spiral density waves which remove angular momentum from the orbit. In addition, if the orbit is not coplanar with the disk, three-dimensional effects will excite bending and eccentricity waves. We perform three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations to study nonlinear disk-satellite interaction in inviscid protoplanetary disks for a variety of orbital inclinations from $0^\circ$ to $180^\circ$. It is well known that three-dimensional effects are important even for zero inclination. In this work we (1) show that for p…

2018-02-06astro-ph.EP

Observational Signatures of a Massive Distant Planet on the Scattering Disk

The orbital element distribution of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) with large pericenters has been suggested to be influenced by the presence of an undetected, large planet at >200 AU from the Sun. To find additional observables caused by this scenario, we here present the first detailed emplacement simulation in the presence of a massive ninth planet on the distant Kuiper Belt. We perform 4 Gyr N-body simulations with the currently known Solar System planetary architecture, plus a 10 Earth mass planet with similar orbital parameters to those suggested by Trujillo & Sheppard (2014) or Batygin …

2016-11-21astro-ph.EP

Observational Signatures of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks: Planet-Induced Line Broadening in Gaps

Protoplanets can produce structures in protoplanetary disks via gravitational disk-planet interactions. Once detected, such structures serve as signposts of planet formation. Here we investigate the kinematic signatures in disks produced by multi-Jupiter mass ($M_{\rm J}$) planets using 3D hydrodynamics and radiative transfer simulations. Such a planet opens a deep gap, and drives transonic vertical motions inside. Such motions include both a bulk motion of the entire half-disk column, and turbulence on scales comparable to and smaller than the scale height. They significantly broaden molecula…

2019-05-14astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR

Hyperion旋转动力学中哈密顿混沌的多重分形特征

Multifractal Signatures of Hamiltonian Chaos in Hyperion's Rotational Dynamics

Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica（国家原子能委员会）；Instituto Sábato. Universidad Nacional de San Martín（萨巴托研究所，圣马丁国立大学）；Department of Mathematical Sciences, UTEP（德克萨斯大学埃尔帕索分校数学科学系）

利用多重分形去趋势波动分析（MFDFA）从稀疏光度观测中检测土卫八混沌旋转，发现混沌翻滚产生宽多重分形谱，可作为实用诊断工具。

2026-06-12astro-ph.EPphysics.data-an