This paper analyses the influence of geographic distance on knowledge flows, measured through citations to scientific publications. Previous works using the same approach are limited to single disciplines. In this study, we analyse the Italian scientific production in all disciplines matured in the period 2010-2012. To calculate the geographic distances between citing and cited publications, each one is associated with a "prevalent" territory on the basis of the authors' affiliations. The results of the application of a gravity model, estimated using ordinary least squares regression, show that despite the spread of IT, geographic distance continues to be an influential factor in the process of knowledge flows between territories. In particular, the analysis reveals that the effect of geographic distance on knowledge flows is significant at the national level, not negligible at the continental level, but completely irrelevant at the intercontinental level.
This work analyzes the variation over time of the effect of geographic distance on knowledge flows. The flows are measured through the citations exchanged between scientific publications, including and excluding self-citations. To calculate geographic distances between citing and cited publication, each publication is associated with a "prevailing" territory, according to the authors' affiliations. We then apply a gravity model to account for the research size of the territories, in terms of cognitive proximity of citing-cited publications. The field of observation is the 2010-2017 world publi…
School of Computer Science & Statistics, Trinity College Dublin（都柏林圣三一大学计算机科学与统计学院）
Citation based approaches have seen good progress for recommending research papers using citations in the paper. Citation proximity analysis which uses the in-text citation proximity to find relatedness between two research papers is better than co-citation analysis and bibliographic analysis. However, one common problem which exists in each approach is that paper should be well cited. If documents are not cited properly or not cited at all, then using these approaches will not be helpful. To overcome the problem, this paper discusses the approach Virtual Citation Proximity (VCP) which uses Si…
Diversity in human capital is widely seen as critical to creating holistic and high quality research, especially in areas that engage with diverse cultures, environments, and challenges. Quantifying diverse academic collaborations and its effect on research quality is lacking, especially at international scale and across different domains. Here, we present the first effort to measure the impact of geographic diversity in coauthorships on the citation of their papers across different academic domains. Our results unequivocally show that geographic coauthor diversity improves paper citation, but…
Quantifying the impact of a scholarly paper is of great significance, yet the effect of geographical distance of cited papers has not been explored. In this paper, we examine 30,596 papers published in Physical Review C, and identify the relationship between citations and geographical distances between author affiliations. Subsequently, a relative citation weight is applied to assess the impact of a scholarly paper. A higher-order weighted quantum PageRank algorithm is also developed to address the behavior of multiple step citation flow. Capturing the citation dynamics with higher-order depen…
Policy makers are interested in the influence of geographic distance on knowledge flows, however these can be expected to vary across research fields. The effects of geographic distance on flows are analyzed by means of citations to scientific literature. The field of observation consists of the 2010-2012 Italian publications and relevant citations up to the close of 2017. The geographic proximity effect is analyzed at national, continental, and intercontinental level in 244 fields, and results as evident at national level and in some cases at continental level, but not at intercontinental lev…
Concordia University（康考迪亚大学）；École Polytechnique de Montréal（蒙特利尔理工学院）；National Research Council Canada（加拿大国家研究委员会）
Incorporating existing knowledge is vital for innovating, discovering, and generating new ideas. Knowledge production through research and invention is the key to scientific and technological development. As an emerging technology, nanotechnology has already proved its great potential for the global economy, attracting considerable federal investments. Canada is reported as one of the major players in producing nanotechnology research. In this paper, we focused on the main drivers of knowledge production and diffusion by analyzing Canadian nanotechnology researchers. We hypothesized that knowl…
In this work, we have studied the collaboration and citation network between Indian Institutes from publications in American Physical Society(APS) journals between 1970-2013. We investigate the role of geographic proximity on the network structure and find that it is the characteristics of the Institution, rather than the geographic distance, that plays a dominant role in collaboration networks. We find that Institutions with better federal funding dominate the network topology and play a crucial role in overall research output. We find that the citation flow across different categories of ins…
This paper explores, by using suitable quantitative techniques, to what extent the intellectual proximity among scholarly journals is also a proximity in terms of social communities gathered around the journals. Three fields are considered: statistics, economics and information and library sciences. Co-citation networks (CC) represent the intellectual proximity among journals. The academic communities around the journals are represented by considering the networks of journals generated by authors writing in more than one journal (interlocking authorship: IA), and the networks generated by scho…
Citation proximus: the role of social and semantic ties in citing behaviour
École de bibliothéconomie et des sciences de l’information, Université de Montréal（蒙特利尔大学图书馆与信息科学学院）；Danish Centre for Studies in Research and Research Policy, Aarhus University（奥胡斯大学丹麦研究与研究政策中心）；Consortium Érudit（Érudit联盟）；Observatoire des Sciences et des Technologies, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche sur la science et la technologie, Université du Québec à Montréal（魁北克大学蒙特利尔分校跨大学科研与科技研究中心科技观测站）；Department of Science and Innovation-National Research Foundation Centre of Excellence in Scientometrics and Science, Technology and Innovation Policy, Stellenbosch University（斯坦陵布什大学科学与创新系-国家研究基金会科学计量学与科学技术创新政策卓越中心）
This work applies a new approach to measure knowledge flows. Assuming that citation linkages between articles imply a flow of knowledge from the cited to the citing authors, we investigate the geographic flows of scientific knowledge produced in Italy across its regions, at both overall and field level. Furthermore, we measure the the specialization indexes for outflows and inflows of knowledge by a given region. Findings show that larger regions in terms of research output are more likely net exporters of new knowledge. At the same time, we register a positive correlation between the share of…
We compare the visibility of Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) publications in the Core Collection indexes of the Web of Science (WoS)--Science Citation Index Expanded, Social Sciences Citation Index, and Arts & Humanities Citation Index--and the SciELO Citation Index (SciELO CI) which was integrated into the larger WoS platform in 2014. The purpose of this comparison is to contribute to our understanding of the communication of scientific knowledge produced in Latin America and the Caribbean, and to provide some reflections on the potential benefits of the articulation of regional indexing e…
Characterizing the leadership in research is important to revealing the interaction pattern and organizational structure through research collaboration. This research defines the leadership role based on the corresponding author's affiliation, and presents, the first quantitative research on the factors and evolution of five proximity dimensions (geographical, cognitive, institutional, social and economic) of research leadership. The data to capture research leadership consists of a set of multi-institution articles in the life sciences and biomedical during 2013-2017 from Web of Science Core …
We investigate the similarities of pairs of articles which are co-cited at the different co-citation levels of the journal, article, section, paragraph, sentence and bracket. Our results indicate that textual similarity, intellectual overlap (shared references), author overlap (shared authors), proximity in publication time all rise monotonically as the co-citation level gets lower (from journal to bracket). While the main gain in similarity happens when moving from journal to article co-citation, all level changes entail an increase in similarity, especially section to paragraph and paragraph…
Modern information and communication technologies, especially the Internet, have diminished the role of spatial distances and territorial boundaries on the access and transmissibility of information. This has enabled scientists for closer collaboration and internationalization. Nevertheless, geography remains an important factor affecting the dynamics of science. Here we present a systematic analysis of citation and collaboration networks between cities and countries, by assigning papers to the geographic locations of their authors' affiliations. The citation flows as well as the collaboration…
The increase in the number of publications has made more difficult for authors to situate their work within previous literature, especially on subjects studied from different disciplinary viewpoints. Besides, new data analysis techniques and new bibliometrics data sources provide an opportunity to map and navigate scientific landscapes. We introduce here an open-source and open-access web application designed for the multi-dimensional exploration of a journal content, including the mapping of geographical, semantic and citations networks. The application is profiled and implemented for the geo…
The effects of Open Access (OA) upon journal performance are investigated. The key research question holds: How does the citation impact and publication output of journals switching ('flipping') from non-OA to Gold-OA develop after their switch to Gold-OA? A review is given of the literature, with an emphasis on studies dealing with flipping journals. Two study sets with 119 and 100 flipping journals, derived from two different OA data sources (DOAJ and OAD), are compared with two control groups, one based on a standard bibliometric criterion, and a second controlling for a journal's national …
In order to capture the effects of social ties in knowledge diffusion, this paper examines the publication network that emerges from the collaboration of researchers, using citation information as means to estimate knowledge flow. For this purpose, we analyzed the papers published in the PLOS ONE journal finding strong evidence to support that the closer two authors are in the co-authorship network, the larger the probability that knowledge flow will occur between them. Moreover, we also found that when it comes to knowledge diffusion, strong co-authorship proximity is more determinant than ge…
Individual, excellent scientists have become increasingly important in the research funding landscape. Accurate bibliometric measures of an individual's performance could help identify excellent scientists, but still present a challenge. One crucial aspect in this respect is an adequate delineation of the sets of publications that determine the reference values to which a scientist's publication record and its citation impact should be compared. The structure of partition cells formed by intersecting fixed subject categories in a database has been proposed to approximate a scientist's specialt…
This paper investigates the role of homophily and focus constraint in shaping collaborative scientific research. First, homophily structures collaboration when scientists adhere to a norm of exclusivity in selecting similar partners at a higher rate than dissimilar ones. Two dimensions on which similarity between scientists can be assessed are their research specialties and status positions. Second, focus constraint shapes collaboration when connections among scientists depend on opportunities for social contact. Constraint comes in two forms, depending on whether it originates in institutiona…
In Ukraine, Scopus data are used to evaluate academics. Existing shortcomings in the Ukrainian evaluation system allow them to publish in titles that have been delisted from Scopus, and continue to use those papers as credible research output for evaluation. The purpose of this study was to analyse the publishing activity of Ukrainian institutions in Scopus-delisted titles (as of September 2021) in different fields between 2011 and 2020 and to attempt to appreciate how common this practice is among Ukrainian authors. Scopus was sourced to collect bibliographic and citations-related data, while…
Publication in scientific journals is the main product of scientific research. The amount of papers published, their placement in high impact journals, and their citations are used as a measure of the productivity of individual scientists, institutes or fields of science. To give a profound basis on the publication record and the quality of the publication efforts in neutron scattering, a survey has been done following the approach to use bibliographic databases. Questions to be addressed by this survey are: Is the productivity of research with neutrons changing over the years? Which is the ge…
Discoverability matters: Open access models and the translation of science into patents
Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Groupe d’Étude des Méthodes de l’Analyse Sociologique de la Sorbonne, GEMASS（索邦大学，法国国家科学研究中心，索邦大学社会学分析方法研究组）；School of Information Resources Management, Renmin University of China（中国人民大学信息资源管理学院）；École de bibliothéconomie et des sciences de l’information, Université de Montréal（蒙特利尔大学图书馆学与信息科学学院）；Centre interuniversitaire de recherche sur la science et la technologie (CIRST), Université du Québec à Montréal（魁北克大学蒙特利尔分校，跨大学科学技术研究中心）
This study concerns the market for research collaboration between industry and universities. It presents an analysis of the population of all Italian university-industry collaborations that resulted in at least one international scientific publication between 2001 and 2003. Using spatial and bibliometric analysis relating to scientific output of university researchers, the study shows the importance of geographic proximity in companies' choices of university partner. The analysis also reveals inefficiency in the market: in a large proportion of cases private companies could have chosen more qu…
Nationally oriented scientific-scholarly journals are considered from a methodological-informetric viewpoint, analysing data extracted from Scimago Journal Rank based on Scopus. An operational definition is proposed of a journal's degree of national orientation based on the geographical distribution of its publishing or citing authors, and the role of international collaboration and a country's total publication output. A comprehensive analysis is presented of trends up until 2019 in national orientation and citation impact of national journals entering Scopus, extending outcomes in earlier st…
China's scientific output has risen precipitously over the past decade; it is now the world's second-largest producer of scientific papers, behind only the United States. The quality of China's research is also on the rise (Van Noorden, 2016). The online visibility and impact of China's research are also important issues worth exploring. In this study, we investigate the altmetric performance of publications in the field of Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology and published by authors from Chinese affiliations. We find that papers published by those authors from Chinese affiliations have muc…
