进化算法指导的硬磁软活性材料体素编码打印
Evolutionary Algorithm Guided Voxel-Encoding Printing of Functional Hard-Magnetic Soft Active Materials
摘要：
硬磁软活性材料（hmSAMs）由于其快速转换、无束缚控制以及良好的可编程性而引起了人们的极大兴趣。然而，目前的直接油墨写入（DIW）印刷为基础的制造hmSAM部件和结构只允许可编程的磁方向与恒定的磁密度。另外，现有的设计依赖于蛮力方法来产生磁化方向分布的分配，这只能产生直观的变形。这两个因素极大地限制了hmSAM的设计空间和应用潜力。在这项工作中，我们介绍了一个体素编码DIW打印方法的程序在hmSAM打印过程中的磁密度和方向分布。然后将体素编码DIW打印与基于进化算法（EA）的设计策略相结合，以实现具有复杂几何变化和曲率分布的所需磁致动和运动。随着新的EA引导的体素编码DIW打印技术，我们展示了功能hmSAM，产生复杂的形状变形与所需的曲率分布的高级应用，如仿生运动。这些演示表明，所提出的EA引导的体素编码DIW打印方法可以显着拓宽hmSAM的应用潜力。
英文摘要：
Hard-magnetic soft active materials (hmSAMs) have attracted a great amount of research interests due to their fast-transforming, untethered control, as well as excellent programmability. However, the current direct-ink-write (DIW) printing-based fabrication of hmSAM parts and structures only permits programmable magnetic direction with a constant magnetic density. Also, the existing designs rely on the brute-force approach to generate the assignment of magnetization direction distribution, which can only produce intuitional deformations. These two factors greatly limit the design space and the application potentials of hmSAMs. In this work, we introduce a voxel-encoding DIW printing method to program both the magnetic density and direction distributions during the hmSAM printing. The voxel-encoding DIW printing is then integrated with an evolutionary algorithm (EA)-based design strategy to achieve the desired magnetic actuation and motion with complex geometry variations and curvature distributions. With the new EA-guided voxel-encoding DIW printing technique, we demonstrate the functional hmSAMs that produce complicated shape morphing with desired curvature distributions for advanced applications such as biomimetic motions. These demonstrations indicate that the proposed EA-guided voxel-encoding DIW printing method can significantly broaden the application potentials of the hmSAMs.
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