光蒸发风中的尘埃夹带：X射线的影响
Dust entrainment in photoevaporative winds: The impact of X-rays
摘要：
X射线和极紫外（XEUV）驱动的光蒸发风作用于年轻的金牛座T星周围的原行星盘，可能会对盘的演化产生关键影响，影响气体和尘埃的分布。我们调查的尘埃夹带XEUV驱动的光蒸发风，并将我们的结果与现有的MHD和EUV模型。对于$M_* = 0.7\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$星发射的$L_X = 2 \cdot 10^{30}\,\mathrm{erg/s}$的X射线光度，对应于$\dot{M}_\mathrm{w} \simeq 2.6 \cdot 10^{-8} \,\mathrm{M_\odot/yr}$的风质量损失率，我们发现了来自内部$25\,$ AU（$120\,$ AU）的尺寸为$a_0 \lesssim 11\,μ$ m（$9\,μ$ m）的尘埃夹带。这是一个增强的尘埃夹带在不太激烈的EUV驱动的风与$\dot{M}_\mathrm{w} \simeq 10^{-10}\,\mathrm{M_\odot/yr}$。我们的数值模型还显示了尘埃颗粒的轨迹从气体流线的偏差，即使是$μ$ m大小的颗粒。此外，我们发现夹带颗粒的大小和它们在流出中达到的最大高度之间的相关性。
英文摘要：
X-ray- and EUV- (XEUV-) driven photoevaporative winds acting on protoplanetary disks around young T-Tauri stars may crucially impact disk evolution, affecting both gas and dust distributions. We investigate the dust entrainment in XEUV-driven photoevaporative winds and compare our results to existing MHD and EUV-only models. For an X-ray luminosity of $L_X = 2 \cdot 10^{30}\,\mathrm{erg/s}$ emitted by a $M_* = 0.7\,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ star, corresponding to a wind mass-loss rate of $\dot{M}_\mathrm{w} \simeq 2.6 \cdot 10^{-8} \,\mathrm{M_\odot/yr}$, we find dust entrainment for sizes $a_0 \lesssim 11\,μ$m ($9\,μ$m) from the inner $25\,$AU ($120\,$AU). This is an enhancement over dust entrainment in less vigorous EUV-driven winds with $\dot{M}_\mathrm{w} \simeq 10^{-10}\,\mathrm{M_\odot/yr}$. Our numerical model also shows deviations of dust grain trajectories from the gas streamlines even for $μ$m-sized particles. In addition, we find a correlation between the size of the entrained grains and the maximum height they reach in the outflow.
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