复杂的发射模式：极冠势的涨落和双稳态
Complex emission patterns: fluctuations and bistability of polar-cap potentials
摘要：
离子质子脉冲星模型的发展将其扩展到大的未屏蔽极帽电位的极限，例如船帆座脉冲星，其中离子电荷与其完全屏蔽值仅相差很小的增量。结果表明，离子的原子序数Z从正则值Z_0 = 26通过电磁簇射区到达表面后，不一定与时间无关，而是可以在10^4 s量级的特征时间内以不规则或准周期的方式在固定的极限之间变化。因此，在一定的Z的系统可能会过渡到一个不稳定的状态，更高的电势，有人认为，这是模式的变化，长期零，周期性或其他的物理基础。该模型需要一个方向的磁偶极矩相对于旋转自旋给出一个积极的共转电荷密度。该模型的成功将确定磁层其余部分的粒子组成，包括Y点，因此与X射线和伽马射线发射过程有关。
英文摘要：
Development of the ion-proton pulsar model extends it to the limit of large unscreened polar-cap potentials, for example, as in the Vela pulsar, in which ion charges differ only by small increments from their complete screening values. It is shown that the atomic number Z of an ion following its passage from the canonical Z_0 = 26 value through the electromagnetic shower region to the surface is not necessarily time-independent but can vary between fixed limits in an irregular or quasi-periodic way in a characteristic time of the order of 10^4 s. Thus at a certain Z the system may transition to an unstable state of higher electric potential and it is argued that this is the physical basis for mode-changes, long-term nulls, periodic or otherwise. The model requires an orientation of magnetic dipole moment relative to rotational spin giving a positive corotational charge density. Success of the model would fix the particle composition of the remaining parts of the magnetosphere, including the Y-point and is therefore relevant to X-ray and gamma-ray emission processes.
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