骨折后细胞反应的研究：挠曲电的证据
Investigation of the cellular response to bone fractures: evidence for flexoelectricity
摘要：
最近发现的骨挠曲电（由应变梯度引起的电极化）表明，挠曲电可能在骨骼中具有生理效应，特别是在骨折附近，其中挠曲电理论上最高。在这里，我们报告了一个细胞学研究的裂纹应力和骨细胞之间的相互作用。我们培养MC 3 T3-E1小鼠成骨细胞在仿生微裂纹羟基磷灰石基板，分化成骨细胞，并施加应变梯度的样品。结果显示强烈的凋亡细胞反应，由此机械刺激导致裂纹附近的那些细胞死亡，如活-死和半胱天冬酶染色所示。此外，刺激后两周的分析显示，微裂缝周围的细胞附着和矿化增加，骨钙素表达增加，骨钙素是一种已知可通过体育锻炼促进的成骨蛋白。结果是一致的flexoelectricity发挥至少两个不同的作用，在骨重建：凋亡触发的修复协议，和成骨细胞的骨建设活动的电刺激。
英文摘要：
The recent discovery of bone flexoelectricity (electrical polarization induced by strain gradient) suggests that flexoelectricity could have physiological effects in bones, and specifically near bone fractures, where flexoelectricity is theoretically highest. Here, we report a cytological study of the interaction between crack stress and bone cells. We have cultured MC3T3-E1 mouse osteoblastic cells in biomimetic microcracked hydroxyapatite substrates, differentiated into osteocytes and applied a strain gradient to the samples. The results show a strong apoptotic cellular response, whereby mechanical stimulation causes those cells near the crack to die, as indicated by live-dead and caspase staining. In addition, analysis two weeks after stimulation shows increased cell attachment and mineralization around microcracks and a higher expression of osteocalcin, an osteogenic protein known to be promoted by physical exercise. The results are consistent with flexoelectricity playing at least two different roles in bone remodelling: apoptotic trigger of the repair protocol, and electrostimulant of the bone-building activity of osteoblasts.
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