用大气环流模式数值模拟火箭发射引起的电离层损耗
Numerical simulation of ionospheric depletions resulting from rocket launches using a general circulation model
摘要：
据观察，火箭排气羽流会造成电离层等离子体的大规模损耗（“电离层空洞”）。在F区，O^+离子和耗尽物种（如H $_2$ O、H $_2$和CO $_2$）之间发生电荷交换反应，形成离子，然后进行快速解离复合。全球电离层-热层模式（GITM）被扩展到包括这些化学反应和适当的源项，以代表火箭排气羽流。由此产生的模型被应用于从范登堡空军基地用SpaceX猎鹰9号火箭发射Jason-3号和FORMOSAT-5号造成的电离层损耗。将该模型的输出与GNSS、电离层探测仪和卫星朗缪尔探测器的测量结果进行比较。模拟表明，FORMOSAT-5号发射造成的电离层损耗比Jason-3号发射大得多，持续时间也长得多，这与观测结果一致。
英文摘要：
Rocket exhaust plumes have been observed to cause large-scale depletions of ionospheric plasmas ("ionospheric holes"). In the F-region, charge exchange reactions occur between O^+ ions and exhaust species such as H$_2$O, H$_2$, and CO$_2$ to form ions which then undergo rapid dissociative recombination. The Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere Model (GITM) was extended to include these chemical reactions and appropriate source terms to represent rocket exhaust plumes. The resulting model was applied to ionospheric depletions resulting from the launches of Jason-3 and FORMOSAT-5 on SpaceX Falcon 9 rockets from Vandenberg Air Force Base. Outputs from the model were compared with GNSS, ionosonde, and satellite Langmuir probe measurements. Simulation indicated that the FORMOSAT-5 launch resulted in a far larger and longer-lived ionospheric depletion than the Jason-3 launch, consistent with observations.
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