电场中的磁体：隐藏力和动量守恒
Magnets in an electric field: hidden forces and momentum conservation
摘要：
1967年，肖克利和詹姆斯研究了磁铁在电场中的情况。磁体处于静止状态，并包含电磁动量，但没有明显的机械动量来平衡动量守恒。他们的结论是，某种机械动量，他们称之为“隐藏的动量”，包含在磁铁中，并将这种动量归因于相对论效应，这一论点显然得到了科尔曼和范弗莱克的证实。从那时起，人们就认为电场中的磁偶极子具有这种新的动量形式，但这种观点忽略了当电场作用于磁体或磁体在电场中形成时产生的电磁力。电磁力导致磁体获得电磁动量和相等且相反量的机械动量，使得其在其原始静止框架中移动。这种运动的参考系在旨在显示隐藏动量的研究中被错误地认为是静止系。在这里，我检查肖克利和詹姆斯和科尔曼和范Vleck的分析，并考虑在一个均匀的电场中形成的磁偶极子的模型。这些计算没有显示出隐藏的动量。
英文摘要：
In 1967 Shockley and James addressed the situation of a magnet in an electric field. The magnet is at rest and contains electromagnetic momentum, but there was no obvious mechanical momentum to balance this for momentum conservation. They concluded that some sort of mechanical momentum, which they called "hidden momentum", was contained in the magnet and ascribed this momentum to relativistic effects, a contention that was apparently confirmed by Coleman and Van Vleck. Since then, a magnetic dipole in an electric field has been considered to have this new form of momentum, but this view ignores the electromagnetic forces that arise when an electric field is applied to a magnet or a magnet is formed in an electric field. The electromagnetic forces result in the magnet gaining electromagnetic momentum and an equal and opposite amount of mechanical momentum so that it is moving in its original rest frame. This moving reference frame is erroneously taken to be the rest frame in studies that purport to show hidden momentum. Here I examine the analysis of Shockley and James and of Coleman and Van Vleck and consider a model of a magnetic dipole formed in a uniform electric field. These calculations show no hidden momentum.
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