Los Alamos is currently developing novel particle accelerator controls and diagnostics algorithms to enable higher quality beams with lower beam losses than is currently possible. The purpose of this workshop was to consider tuning and optimization challenges of a wide range of particle accelerators including linear proton accelerators such as the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE), rings such as the Advanced Photon Source (APS) synchrotron, free electron lasers (FEL) such as the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) and LCLS-II, the European X-ray Free Electron Laser (EuXFEL), the Swiss FEL, and the planned MaRIE FEL, and plasma wake-field accelerators such as FACET, FACET-II, and AWAKE at CERN. One major challenge is an the ability to quickly create very high quality, extremely intense, custom current and energy profile beams while working with limited real time non-invasive diagnostics and utilizing time-varying uncertain initial beam distributions and accelerator components. Currently, a few individual accelerator labs have been developing and applying their own diagnostics tools and custom control and ML algorithms for automated machine tuning and optimization. The goal of this workshop was to bring together a group of accelerator physicists and accelerator related control and ML experts in order to define which controls and diagnostics would be most useful for existing and future accelerators and to create a plan for developing a new family of algorithms that can be shared and maintained by the community.
This report contains the proceedings of the Workshop on Accelerator Magnet Superconductor, Design and Optimization (WAMSDO) held at CERN from 15 to 16 January 2013. This fourth edition of the WAMSDO workshop is focussed on aspects related to quench protection.
The Advanced Accelerator Concepts 2000 (AAC2K) Workshop was held in Santa Fe in June, 2000, and included a wide array of conceptual and theoretical advances at the frontier of accelerator physics. This paper reviews the highlights of the workshop, with subjects ranging from acceleration using lasers, plasmas and microstructures, to the beam physics of muon colliders. Particular emphasis is given to the topics which are relevant to research at existing linear accelerator facilities, and the effect of this research on the capabilities of such facilities.
This paper is a summary report of the ICFA Beam Dynamics Workshop 'Accelerators for a Higgs Factory: Linear vs. Circular' (HF2012). It discusses four types of accelerators as possible candidates for a Higgs factory: linear e+e- colliders, circular e+e- colliders, muon collider and photon colliders. The comparison includes: physics reach, performance (energy and luminosity), upgrade potential, technology maturity and readiness, and technical challenges requiring further R&D.
This whitepaper summarizes and the state of the field of high-power cyclotrons and FFAs as discussed by international experts during a three-day workshop of the same name. The workshop was held online from Sep 7 to Sep 9, 2021 as part of the US Snowmass'21 Community Exercise, specifically the Accelerator Frontier (AF) and the subpanel Accelerators for Neutrinos (AF02). Thus, we put emphasis on the application of high-power cyclotrons in particle physics, specifically neutrino physics, and as drivers for muon production. In the introduction, we discuss the role of cyclotrons for particle physic…
This document summarizes the findings of the Accelerator Working Group (AWG) of the International Scoping Study (ISS) of a Future Neutrino Factory and super-beam Facility. The work of the group took place at three plenary meetings along with three workshops, and an oral summary report was presented at the NuFact06 workshop held at UC-Irvine in August, 2006. The goal was to reach consensus on a baseline design for a Neutrino Factory complex. One aspect of this endeavor was to examine critically the advantages and disadvantages of the various Neutrino Factory schemes that have been proposed in r…
The performance of high beam power accelerators is strongly dependent on appropriate injection, acceleration and extraction system designs as well as on the way interactions of the beam with machine components are handled. The experience of the previous ICFA High -Brightness Beam workshops has proven that it is quite beneficial to combine analyses and discussion of these issues in one group. A broad range of topics was presented and discussed at the Working Group C sessions at the HB2012 Workshop. Highlights from the talks, outstanding issues along with plans and proposals for future work are …
This report details the present status of the Accelerator design for the SuperB Project. It is one of four separate progress reports that, taken collectively, describe progress made on the SuperB Project since the publication of the SuperB Conceptual Design Report in 2007 and the Proceedings of SuperB Workshop VI in Valencia in 2008.
The Snowmass 2021 Accelerator Frontier topical group \# 6 on Advanced Accelerator Concepts, covers new R\&D concepts for particle acceleration, generation, and focusing. Based on community input, this report describes how leveraging these concepts to efficiently harness the interaction of charged particles with extremely high electromagnetic fields at very high frequencies can provide the keys to reaching ultra high acceleration gradients (GeV/m and beyond). These methods have potential to reduce the dimensions, C0$_2$ footprint, and costs of future high energy physics machines, with added pot…
We briefly summarize the work and discussions that occurred during the Working Group 8 sessions of the EAAC 2017, dedicated to advanced and novel accelerators for high energy physics applications.
Emittance is a beam quality that is vital for many future applications of advanced accelerators, such as compact free-electron lasers and linear colliders. In this paper, we review the challenges of preserving the transverse emittance during acceleration, both inside and outside accelerator stages. Sources of emittance growth range from space charge and instabilities caused by transverse wakefields, which can occur in any advanced accelerator scheme regardless of medium or driver type, to sources more specific to plasma accelerators, such as mismatching, misalignment, ion motion, Coulomb scatt…
Fermilab is currently constructing a superconducting electron linac that will eventually serve as the backbone of a user-driven facility for accelerator science. This contribution describes the accelerator and summarizes the enabled research thrusts. A detailed description of the facility can be found at [\url{http://apc.fnal.gov/programs2/ASTA_TEMP/index.shtml}].
This report presents the proceedings of the Course on Advanced Accelerator Physics organized by the CERN Accelerator School. The course was held in Trondheim, Norway from 18 to 29 August 2013, in collaboration with the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Its syllabus was based on previous courses and in particular on the course held in Berlin 2003 whose proceedings were published as CERN Yellow Report CERN- 2006-002. The field has seen significant advances in recent years and some topics were presented in a new way and other topics were added. The lectures were supplemented with tu…
The Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC) Seminar Series 2020 (https://aacseminarseries.lbl.gov/), organized and hosted by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, consisted of nine weekly sessions, each one dedicated to a particular topic of interest within the framework of advanced accelerator concepts research. The Seminar Series was a fully-remote event that provided a forum for the advanced accelerator community. The AAC Seminar Series was held in lieu of the AAC 2020 Workshop (https://aac2020.lbl.gov/), originally planned for June 2020 and canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since its…
This recounting of the history of the last three-and-a-half decades of advanced accelerator concepts is offered from a decidedly parochial point of view -- that of the career of the author, Prof. James Rosenzweig of the UCLA Dept. of Physics and Astronomy. This short voyage through a by-now long career will illustrate the very beginning of the compelling field of advanced accelerators, proceed through their maturation into one of the fastest growing areas of beam-based science, and give a look into their emerging importance in applications. An important aspect of advanced accelerators is their…
This report is a summary of two preparatory workshops, documenting the community vision for the national accelerator and beam physics research program. It identifies the Grand Challenges of accelerator and beam physics (ABP) field and documents research opportunities to address these Grand Challenges. This report will be used to develop a strategic research roadmap for the field of accelerator science.
The S-band linear accelerator, which was built to be the source of particles and the front end of the Advanced Photon Source injector, is now also being used to support a low-energy undulator test line (LEUTL) and to drive a free-electron laser (FEL). The more severe rf stability requirements of the FEL have resulted in an effort to identify sources of phase and amplitude instability and implement corresponding upgrades to the rf generation chain and the measurement system. Test data and improvements implemented and planned are described
The Advanced Light Source was commissioned 10 years ago using the newly constructed control system. Further experience with the control system was reported in 1993. In this publication, we report on recent experience with the operation and especially growth of the computer control system and expansion to accommodate the new superconducting bend magnets and fast orbit feedback for the ALS electron storage ring.
Recent years have seen spectacular progress in the development of innovative acceleration methods that are not based on traditional RF accelerating structures. These novel developments are at the interface of laser, plasma and accelerator physics and may potentially lead to much more compact and cost-effective accelerator facilities. While primarily focusing on the ability to accelerate charged particles with much larger gradients than traditional RF structures, these new techniques have yet to demonstrate comparable performances to RF structures in terms of both beam parameters and reproducib…
This article assesses the use of a new type of electron accelerator, the Multirhodotron, for four new purposes that cannot be implemented using Rhodotrons and linacs. This study awards some arguments about possible replacement of nuclear reactors by electron accelerators in process of producing of medical isotopes on a global scale, about new possible electron accelerator for high energy, also describes new possibilities of actuation of free-electron lasers (FEL) at the megawatt level in the continuous wave (CW) mode, and suggests some decision of the use of Multirhodotron for technology of el…
Positron sources are the key elements for the future and current lepton collider projects such as ILC, CLIC, SuperKEKB, FCC-ee, Muon Collider/LEMMA, etc., introducing challenging critical requirements for high intensity and low emittance beams in order to achieve high luminosity. In fact, due to their large production emittance and constraints given by the target thermal load, the main collider parameters such as the peak and average current, the emittances, the damping time, the repetition frequency and consequently the luminosity are determined by the positron beam characteristics. In this p…
We present the current and planned beam physics research program and accelerator education program at Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA) at Fermilab.
While the long-term vision of the advanced accelerator community is aimed at addressing the challenges of future collider technology, it is critical that the community takes advantage of the opportunity to make large societal impact through its near-term applications. In turn, enabling robust applications strengthens the quality, control, and reliability of the underlying accelerator infrastructure. The white paper contributions that are solicited here will summarize the near-term applications ideas presented by the advanced accelerator community, assessing their potential impact, discussing s…
A high energy beam absorber has been built for the Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA) at Fermilab. In the facility's initial configuration, an electron beam will be accelerated through 3 TTF-type or ILC-type RF cryomodules to an energy of 750MeV. The electron beam will be directed to one of multiple downstream experimental and diagnostic beam lines and then deposited in one of two beam absorbers. The facility is designed to accommodate up to 6 cryomodules, which would produce a 75kW beam at 1.5GeV; this is the driving design condition for the beam absorbers. The beam absorbers co…
An S-band linear accelerator is the source of particles and the front end of the Advanced Photon Source injector. In addition, it supports a low-energy undulator test line (LEUTL) and drives a free-electron laser (FEL). A waveguide-switching and distribution system is now under construction. The system configuration was revised to be consistent with the recent change to electron-only operation. There are now six modulator-klystron subsystems, two of which are being configured to act as hot spares for two S-band transmitters each, so that no single failure will prevent injector operation. The t…
This document provides detailed information on the status of Advanced and Novel Accelerators techniques and describes the steps that need to be envisaged for their implementation in future accelerators, in particular for high energy physics applications. It complements the overview prepared for the update of the European Strategy for particle physics, and provides a detailed description of the field. The scientific priorities of the community are described for each technique of acceleration able to achieve accelerating gradient in the GeV~range or above. ALEGRO working group leaders have coord…
Fermilab's Integrable Optics Test Accelerator is an electron storage ring designed for testing advanced accelerator physics concepts, including implementation of nonlinear integrable beam optics and experiments on optical stochastic cooling. The machine is currently under construction at the Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator facility. In this report we present the goals and the current status of the project, and describe the details of machine design. In particular, we concentrate on numerical simulations setting the requirements on the design and supporting the choice of machine param…
In physics research particle accelerators are highly valued, and extraordinarily expensive, technical instruments. The high cost of particle accelerators results from the immense lengths required to accelerate particles to high energies, using radio frequency cavities. A current promising field of research, laser-driven particle acceleration has the potential to reduce the size, cost, and energy consumption of particle accelerators by orders of magnitude. To understand and control particle acceleration in plasmas using ultra-small spatial configurations, researchers have been developing comput…
The theory and simulation working group (working group 6) of the third edition of the European Advanced Accelerator Workshop has been characterized by a strong numerical connotation. Particle in cell codes have proven to be a necessary tool to finely investigate the underlying physics both for laser and plasma wakefield acceleration processes. This year, the section has been characterised by an interest in the limitation of the numerical Cherenkov effect, the mitigation of the hose-instability, start-to-end simulations and more generally on new numerical schemes and diagnostics.
Business models to assure availability of advanced superconductors for the accelerator sector and promote stewardship of superconducting magnet technology for the US economy
Machine learning (ML) is a subfield of artificial intelligence. The term applies broadly to a collection of computational algorithms and techniques that train systems from raw data rather than a priori models. ML techniques are now technologically mature enough to be applied to particle accelerators, and we expect that ML will become an increasingly valuable tool to meet new demands for beam energy, brightness, and stability. The intent of this white paper is to provide a high-level introduction to problems in accelerator science and operation where incorporating ML-based approaches may provid…
Computer modeling is essential to research on Advanced Accelerator Concepts (AAC), as well as to their design and operation. This paper summarizes the current status and future needs of AAC systems and reports on several key aspects of (i) high-performance computing (including performance, portability, scalability, advanced algorithms, scalable I/Os and In-Situ analysis), (ii) the benefits of ecosystems with integrated workflows based on standardized input and output and with integrated frameworks developed as a community, and (iii) sustainability and reliability (including code robustness and…
This paper summarizes the activities and presentations of Working Group 5 of the Advanced Accelerator Concepts Workshop held at Annapolis, Maryland in June 2010. Working Group 5 touched on a broad range of topics in the fields of beam and radiation generation and their monitoring and control. These topics were not comprehensively covered in this Workshop, but rather the Working Group concentrated on specific new developments and recent investigations. The Working Group divided its sessions into four broad categories: cathodes and electron guns, radiation generation, beam diagnostics, and beam …
A workshop on The Next Generation Gamma-Ray Sources sponsored by the Office of Nuclear Physics at the Department of Energy, was held November 17--19, 2016 in Bethesda, Maryland. The goals of the workshop were to identify basic and applied research opportunities at the frontiers of nuclear physics that would be made possible by the beam capabilities of an advanced laser Compton beam facility. To anchor the scientific vision to realistically achievable beam specifications using proven technologies, the workshop brought together experts in the fields of electron accelerators, lasers, and optics t…
Ideas of use the particle channeling in bent crystals for steer the beams have been checked up and advanced in many experiments. However, until now, this method of beam formation has limitations in application, since the channeling process involves beam particles with low angular divergence, limited by the angle of Lindhard. Here we test at the U-70 accelerator two crystal devices, the focusing crystal and multistrip crystal, which expand the boundaries of application of bent crystals at accelerators.
Large scale laser facilities are needed to advance the energy frontier in high energy physics and accelerator physics. Laser plasma accelerators are core to advanced accelerator concepts aimed at reaching TeV electron electron colliders. In these facilities, intense laser pulses drive plasmas and are used to accelerate electrons to high energies in remarkably short distances. A laser plasma accelerator could in principle reach high energies with an accelerating length that is 1000 times shorter than in conventional RF based accelerators. Notionally, laser driven particle beam energies could sc…
This Multi-Petawatt Physics Prioritization (MP3) Workshop Report captures the outcomes from a community-initiated workshop held April 20-22, 2022 at Sorbonne University in Paris, France. The MP3 workshop aimed at developing science questions to guide research and future experiments in four areas identified by corresponding MP3 working groups: high-field physics and quantum electrodynamics (HFP/QED), laboratory astrophysics and planetary physics (LAPP), laser-driven nuclear physics (LDNP), and particle acceleration and advanced light sources (PAALS).
The Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator (ASTA) currently under commissioning at Fermilab will enable a broad range of beam-based experiments to study fundamental limitations to beam intensity and to develop transformative approaches to particle-beam generation, acceleration and manipulation. ASTA incorporates a superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) linac coupled to a photoinjector and small-circumference storage ring capable of storing electrons or protons. ASTA will establish a unique resource for R&D towards Energy Frontier facilities and a test-bed for SRF accelerators and high-brightn…
Many modern and most future accelerators rely on precise configuration of lattice and trajectory. The Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab that is coming to final stages of construction will be used to test advanced approaches of control over particles dynamics. Various experiments planned at IOTA require high flexibility of lattice configuration as well as high precision of lattice and closed orbit control. Dense element placement does not allow to have ideal configuration of diagnostics and correctors for all planned experiments. To overcome this limitations advanced method …
The challenges in beam instrumentation and diagnostics for present and future particle accelerator projects are presented. A few examples for advanced hadron and lepton beam diagnostics are given.
Fundamental limitations in accelerator gradient, emittance, alignment and polarization in acceleration schemes are considered in application for novel schemes of acceleration, including laser-plasma and structure-based schemes. Problems for each method are underlined whenever it is possible. Main attention is paid to the scheme with a tilted laser bunch.
Superconducting RF is a key technology for future particle accelerators, now relying on advanced surfaces beyond bulk Nb for a leap in performance and efficiency. The SRF thin film strategy aims at transforming the current SRF technology by using highly functional materials, addressing all the necessary functions. The community is deploying efforts in three research thrusts to develop next-generation thin-film based cavities. Nb on Cu cavities are developed to perform as good as or better than bulk Nb at reduced cost and with better thermal stability. Recent results showing improved accelerati…
Advanced and Novel Accelerators (ANAs) can provide acceleration gradients orders of magnitude greater than conventional accelerator technologies, and hence they have the potential to provide a new generation of more compact, high-energy machines. In view of the great promise of ANAs, and the substantial effort worldwide to develop them, the Advanced LinEar collider study GROup, ALEGRO, was formed at the initiative of the ICFA ANA panel. ALEGRO aims to foster studies on accelerators based on ANAs for applications to high-energy physics, with the ambition of proposing a machine that would addres…
AREAL (Advanced Research Electron Accelerator Laboratory) is an electron linear accelerator with a laser driven RF gun constructed at CANDLE Synchrotron Research Institute. After the successful operation of the gun section at 5 MeV, a program of facility energy growth up to 50 MeV has been launched, which includes the construction of two advanced experimental stations for the generation of middle infrared and THz radiation. This paper presents the design of these stations and gives the characteristics of expected radiation based on numerical and theoretical studies.
A brief historical review is presented of progressing understanding of transverse coherent instabilities of charged particles beams in circular machines when both Coulomb and wake fields are important. The paper relates to a talk given at ICFA Workshop on Mitigation of Coherent Beam Instabilities in Particle Accelerators, 23-27 September 2019 in Zermatt, Switzerland.
Structure wakefield acceleration (SWFA) is one of the most promising AAC schemes in several recent strategic reports, including DOE's 2016 AAC Roadmap, report on the Advanced and Novel Accelerators for High Energy Physics Roadmap (ANAR), and report on Accelerator and Beam Physics Research Goals and Opportunities. SWFA aims to raise the gradient beyond the limits of conventional radiofrequency (RF) accelerator technology, and thus the RF to beam energy efficiency, by reducing RF breakdowns from confining the microwave energy in a short (on the order of about 10 ns) and intense pulse excited by …
For the first time, the workshop on High-Intensity and High-Brightness Hadron Beams (HB2010), held at Morschach, Switzerland and organized by the Paul Scherrer Institute, included a Working group dealing with the interaction between beam and material. Due to the high power beams of existing and future facilities, this topic is already of great relevance for such machines and is expected to become even more important in the future. While more specialized workshops related to topics of radiation damage, activation or thermo - mechanical calculations, already exist, HB2010 provided the occasion t…
As part of the Intensity Frontier effort within the 2013 Community Summer Study, a workshop on the proton machine capabilities was held (High Intensity Secondary Beams Driven by Proton Beams) April 17-20, 2013 at Brookhaven National Laboratory in Upton, NY. Primary aims of the workshop were to understand: 1) the beam requirements for proposed high intensity proton beam based measurements; 2) the capabilities of existing world-wide high power proton machines; 3) proton facility upgrade plans and proposals for new facilities; 4) and to document the R&D needs for proton accelerators and target sy…
Characterizations of transverse profiles for low-power beams in the accelerators of the proposed linear colliders (ILC and CLIC) using imaging techniques are being evaluated. Assessments of the issues and limitations for imaging relativistic beams with intercepting scintillator or optical transition radiation screens are presented based on low-energy tests at the Fermilab A0 photoinjector and are planned for the Advanced Superconducting Test Accelerator at Fermilab.
Dielectric laser accelerators (DLAs) use the nearfields created when a laser pulse impinges on a dielectric structure to accelerate charged particles. We provide an overview of the theory of operation of photon driven accelerators, from photons interacting with charged particles in a vacuum, to the advantages gained by introducing dielectric structures, with a discussion of their advantages and limitations. Furthermore we show the state of the art of the current development of dielectric laser accelerators, including acceleration, focusing, deflection, beam position monitoring, and advanced to…
