O（4）临界性对净质子数涨落的影响
Impact of the underlying O(4) criticality on net-proton number fluctuations
摘要：
我们讨论了束能量的净质子数的前四个累积量的比率的依赖关系，计算使用的唯象动机模型中，临界模式波动耦合到质子和反质子。该模型考虑到潜在的$O(4)$临界性的影响，在存在一个$Z(2)$临界点的QCD相图。这使我们能够定性地捕捉最低阶比的单调行为和高阶比的非单调行为，这是从STAR合作的实验数据中看到的。我们还讨论了我们的结果之间的耦合强度的临界模式和质子以及临界点的位置的依赖关系。
英文摘要：
We discuss the beam-energy dependence of ratios of the first four cumulants of the net-proton number, calculated using a phenomenologically motivated model in which critical mode fluctuations couple to protons and anti-protons. The model takes into account an impact of the underlying $O(4)$ criticality on the QCD phase diagram in the presence of a $Z(2)$ critical point. This allows us to capture qualitatively both the monotonic behavior of the lowest-order ratio and the non-monotonic behavior of higher-order ratios which are seen in the experimental data from the STAR Collaboration. We also discuss the dependence of our results on the coupling strength between the critical mode and the protons as well as the location of the critical point.
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