灾变种群动力学中的入侵率与多样性
Invasion rate versus diversity in population dynamics with catastrophes
摘要：
当前多样性危机的一个关键问题是，在整个进化过程中，多样性是如何维持的，以及如何保护它。现代共存理论表明，罕见的新类型的高入侵率与多样性直接相关。我们发现，添加几乎任何机制的灾难的随机出生，死亡和突变的过程中，有限的承载能力诱导一种新的相变，其特征在于一个积极的入侵率，但多样性低。在这个阶段，新的类型出现并迅速增长，但由此产生的非常大的类型的增长减少了多样性。该模型还解决了中性进化模型的两个主要缺点：它们无法解释平衡选择而不诉诸适应度差异，以及创建观察到的大类型所需的不切实际的时间。我们测试这个模型的遗传多态性的经典案例：HLA位点。
英文摘要：
A key question in the current diversity crisis is how diversity has been maintained throughout evolution and how to preserve it. Modern coexistence theories suggest that a high invasion rate of rare new types is directly related to diversity. We show that adding almost any mechanism of catastrophes to a stochastic birth, death, and mutation process with limited carrying capacity induces a novel phase transition characterized by a positive invasion rate but a low diversity. In this phase, new types emerge and grow rapidly, but the resulting growth of very large types decreases diversity. This model also resolves two major drawbacks of neutral evolution models: their failure to explain balancing selection without resorting to fitness differences and the unrealistic time required for the creation of the observed large types. We test this model on a classical case of genetic polymorphism: the HLA locus.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
