This article presents a stochastic corpus-based model for generating natural language text. Our model first encodes dependency relations from training data through a feature set, then concatenates these features to produce a new dependency tree for a given meaning representation, and finally generates a natural language utterance from the produced dependency tree. We test our model on nine domains from tabular, dialogue act and RDF format. Our model outperforms the corpus-based state-of-the-art methods trained on tabular datasets and also achieves comparable results with neural network-based approaches trained on dialogue act, E2E and WebNLG datasets for BLEU and ERR evaluation metrics. Also, by reporting Human Evaluation results, we show that our model produces high-quality utterances in aspects of informativeness and naturalness as well as quality.
On the relation between dependency distance, crossing dependencies, and parsing. Comment on "Dependency distance: a new perspective on syntactic patterns in natural languages" by Haitao Liu et al
Universidade da Coruña(拉科鲁尼亚大学)
Liu et al.(2017)全面介绍了人类语言中依赖距离的研究。虽然这篇文章是关于这个复杂主题的非常丰富和有用的报告,但在这里我将扩展计算语言学(特别是自然语言处理)研究可以告知DDM研究的一些具体问题,反之亦然。这些方面在Liu等人的文章或其他地方没有进行太多的探索,可能是由于两个研究团体之间的重叠很少,但它们可能会为提高我们对人类语言进化的理解提供有趣的见解,大脑处理和理解语言的机制,以及构建有效的计算机系统来实现这一目标。
Mila(米拉研究所);Université de Montréal(蒙特利尔大学);Google Research(谷歌研究院)
There are two major classes of natural language grammar -- the dependency grammar that models one-to-one correspondences between words and the constituency grammar that models the assembly of one or several corresponded words. While previous unsupervised parsing methods mostly focus on only inducing one class of grammars, we introduce a novel model, StructFormer, that can simultaneously induce dependency and constituency structure. To achieve this, we propose a new parsing framework that can jointly generate a constituency tree and dependency graph. Then we integrate the induced dependency rel…
Department of Information Science;Engineering University of Information Technology\ National University -- Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Email;Faculty of Computer Science\ of Information Technology\ National University -- Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Email
National University of Singapore(新加坡国立大学);Alibaba DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group(阿里巴巴达摩院,阿里巴巴集团);ShanghaiTech University(上海科技大学)
Syntactic dependency parsing is an important task in natural language processing. Unsupervised dependency parsing aims to learn a dependency parser from sentences that have no annotation of their correct parse trees. Despite its difficulty, unsupervised parsing is an interesting research direction because of its capability of utilizing almost unlimited unannotated text data. It also serves as the basis for other research in low-resource parsing. In this paper, we survey existing approaches to unsupervised dependency parsing, identify two major classes of approaches, and discuss recent trends. …
Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology(罗斯-赫尔曼理工学院);Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering(计算机科学与软件工程系)
Dependency parsing is a tool widely used in the field of Natural language processing and computational linguistics. However, there is hardly any work that connects dependency parsing to monotonicity, which is an essential part of logic and linguistic semantics. In this paper, we present a system that automatically annotates monotonicity information based on Universal Dependency parse trees. Our system utilizes surface-level monotonicity facts about quantifiers, lexical items, and token-level polarity information. We compared our system's performance with existing systems in the literature, inc…
Vietnamese transition-based dependency parsing with supertag features
Department of Information Science;Engineering University of Information Technology Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Email;Faculty of Computer Science University of Information Technology Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Email
Probing has become an important tool for analyzing representations in Natural Language Processing (NLP). For graphical NLP tasks such as dependency parsing, linear probes are currently limited to extracting undirected or unlabeled parse trees which do not capture the full task. This work introduces DepProbe, a linear probe which can extract labeled and directed dependency parse trees from embeddings while using fewer parameters and compute than prior methods. Leveraging its full task coverage and lightweight parametrization, we investigate its predictive power for selecting the best transfer l…
University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);Johns Hopkins University(约翰斯·霍普金斯大学);ETH Zürich(苏黎世联邦理工学院)
Probabilistic distributions over spanning trees in directed graphs are a fundamental model of dependency structure in natural language processing, syntactic dependency trees. In NLP, dependency trees often have an additional root constraint: only one edge may emanate from the root. However, no sampling algorithm has been presented in the literature to account for this additional constraint. In this paper, we adapt two spanning tree sampling algorithms to faithfully sample dependency trees from a graph subject to the root constraint. Wilson (1996)'s sampling algorithm has a running time of $\ma…
Princess Sumaya University for Technology(普林塞萨·苏马亚科技大学);Hashemite University(哈希姆特大学)
Treebanks are valuable linguistic resources that include the syntactic structure of a language sentence in addition to POS-tags and morphological features. They are mainly utilized in modeling statistical parsers. Although the statistical natural language parser has recently become more accurate for languages such as English, those for the Arabic language still have low accuracy. The purpose of this paper is to construct a new Arabic dependency treebank based on the traditional Arabic grammatical theory and the characteristics of the Arabic language, to investigate their effects on the accurac…
Building an Ellipsis-aware Chinese Dependency Treebank for Web Text
Peking University(北京大学)
Web 2.0带来了大量用户产生的数据,这些数据揭示了一个人的思想、经验和知识,这些数据是信息抽取和知识库构建等许多任务的重要来源。然而,文本的口语化特征对当前更适应语言形式的自然语言处理技术提出了新的挑战。省略是一种常见的语言现象,特别是在口语中,当人们从语境中理解某些词时,省略了它们,这阻碍了依存句法分析的提高,而依存句法分析对于依赖句子意义的任务具有重要意义。为了促进这一领域的研究,我们发布了一个包含319个微博的中文依存关系树库,其中包含572个句子,并保留了遗漏和上下文。
University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学)
The dependency tree of a natural language sentence can capture the interactions between semantics and words. However, it is unclear whether those methods which exploit such dependency information for semantic parsing can be combined to achieve further improvement and the relationship of those methods when they combine. In this paper, we examine three methods to incorporate such dependency information in a Transformer based semantic parser and empirically study their combinations. We first replace standard self-attention heads in the encoder with parent-scaled self-attention (PASCAL) heads, i.e…
Dependency parsing is a crucial step towards deep language understanding and, therefore, widely demanded by numerous Natural Language Processing applications. In particular, left-to-right and top-down transition-based algorithms that rely on Pointer Networks are among the most accurate approaches for performing dependency parsing. Additionally, it has been observed for the top-down algorithm that Pointer Networks' sequential decoding can be improved by implementing a hierarchical variant, more adequate to model dependency structures. Considering all this, we develop a bottom-up-oriented Hierar…
Distance-based Self-Attention Network for Natural Language Inference
Seoul National University(首尔大学)
注意力机制已经被用作辅助手段来帮助RNN或CNN。然而,Transformer(Vaswani等人,2017年)最近记录了机器翻译的最新性能,仅使用注意力就大大减少了训练时间。受Transformer的启发,定向自注意网络(Shen et al.,2017年),一个完全基于注意力的句子编码器,被提出。通过使用句子中的前向和后向信息,它在各种数据下都表现出良好的性能。但在他们的研究中,根本没有考虑单词之间的距离,这是学习局部依赖以帮助理解输入文本上下文的重要特征。我们提出了基于距离的自注意力网络,它通过使用一个简单的距离掩码来考虑词的距离,以便在不失去注意力固有的全局依赖建模能力的情况下对局部依赖进行建模。我们的模型在NLI数据上表现出了良好的性能,并记录了SNLI数据的最新结果。此外,我们还证明了我们的模型在长句或文档中具有优势。
This paper presents the phonological, morphological, and syntactic distinctions between formal and informal Persian, showing that these two variants have fundamental differences that cannot be attributed solely to pronunciation discrepancies. Given that informal Persian exhibits particular characteristics, any computational model trained on formal Persian is unlikely to transfer well to informal Persian, necessitating the creation of dedicated treebanks for this variety. We thus detail the development of the open-source Informal Persian Universal Dependency Treebank, a new treebank annotated w…
IT University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根信息技术大学);LMU Munich(慕尼黑大学)
Making an informed choice of pre-trained language model (LM) is critical for performance, yet environmentally costly, and as such widely underexplored. The field of Computer Vision has begun to tackle encoder ranking, with promising forays into Natural Language Processing, however they lack coverage of linguistic tasks such as structured prediction. We propose probing to rank LMs, specifically for parsing dependencies in a given language, by measuring the degree to which labeled trees are recoverable from an LM's contextualized embeddings. Across 46 typologically and architecturally diverse LM…
Exploiting rich linguistic information in raw text is crucial for expressive text-to-speech (TTS). As large scale pre-trained text representation develops, bidirectional encoder representations from Transformers (BERT) has been proven to embody semantic information and employed to TTS recently. However, original or simply fine-tuned BERT embeddings still cannot provide sufficient semantic knowledge that expressive TTS models should take into account. In this paper, we propose a word-level semantic representation enhancing method based on dependency structure and pre-trained BERT embedding. The…
Computational Paninian Grammar model helps in decoding a natural language expression as a series of modifier-modified relations and therefore facilitates in identifying dependency relations closer to language (context) semantics compared to the usual Stanford dependency relations. However, the importance of this CPG dependency scheme has not been studied in the context of multi-modal vision and language applications. At IIIT Hyderabad, we plan to perform a novel study to explore the potential advantages and disadvantages of CPG framework in a vision-language navigation task setting, a popular …
On-Device AI Samsung R & D Institute(三星研发研究院终端人工智能部门)
Codeswitching has become one of the most common occurrences across multilingual speakers of the world, especially in countries like India which encompasses around 23 official languages with the number of bilingual speakers being around 300 million. The scarcity of Codeswitched data becomes a bottleneck in the exploration of this domain with respect to various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. We thus present a novel algorithm which harnesses the syntactic structure of English grammar to develop grammatically sensible Codeswitched versions of English-Hindi, English-Marathi and English-Ka…
Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence(北京通用人工智能研究院);ShanghaiTech University(上海科技大学)
Understanding realistic visual scene images together with language descriptions is a fundamental task towards generic visual understanding. Previous works have shown compelling comprehensive results by building hierarchical structures for visual scenes (e.g., scene graphs) and natural languages (e.g., dependency trees), individually. However, how to construct a joint vision-language (VL) structure has barely been investigated. More challenging but worthwhile, we introduce a new task that targets on inducing such a joint VL structure in an unsupervised manner. Our goal is to bridge the visual s…
Explainable Multimodal Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis with Dependency-guided Large Language Model
Harbin Institute of Technology(哈尔滨工程大学);Zhongguancun Academy(中关村学院);Zhongguancun Institute of Artificial Intelligence(中关村人工智能研究院);University of Science and Technology of China(中国科学技术大学)
Neural Approaches for Data Driven Dependency Parsing in Sanskrit
University of Utah(犹他大学);Manipal Institute of Technology(马尼帕尔理工学院);IIT Kanpur(坎普尔印度理工学院);Chinmaya Vishwavidyapeeth(钦玛雅维什瓦维迪亚佩特学院);IIT Kharagpur(克勒格布尔印度理工学院)