Neural personalized recommendation is the corner-stone of a wide collection of cloud services and products, constituting significant compute demand of the cloud infrastructure. Thus, improving the execution efficiency of neural recommendation directly translates into infrastructure capacity saving. In this paper, we devise a novel end-to-end modeling infrastructure, DeepRecInfra, that adopts an algorithm and system co-design methodology to custom-design systems for recommendation use cases. Leveraging the insights from the recommendation characterization, a new dynamic scheduler, DeepRecSched, is proposed to maximize latency-bounded throughput by taking into account characteristics of inference query size and arrival patterns, recommendation model architectures, and underlying hardware systems. By doing so, system throughput is doubled across the eight industry-representative recommendation models. Finally, design, deployment, and evaluation in at-scale production datacenter shows over 30% latency reduction across a wide variety of recommendation models running on hundreds of machines.
Personalized recommendation is an important class of deep-learning applications that powers a large collection of internet services and consumes a considerable amount of datacenter resources. As the scale of production-grade recommendation systems continues to grow, optimizing their serving performance and efficiency in a heterogeneous datacenter is important and can translate into infrastructure capacity saving. In this paper, we propose Hercules, an optimized framework for personalized recommendation inference serving that targets diverse industry-representative models and cloud-scale hetero…
Proliferation of cloud computing has revolutionized hosting and delivery of Internet-based application services. However, with the constant launch of new cloud services and capabilities almost every month by both big (e.g., Amazon Web Service, Microsoft Azure) and small companies (e.g. Rackspace, Ninefold), decision makers (e.g. application developers, CIOs) are likely to be overwhelmed by choices available. The decision making problem is further complicated due to heterogeneous service configurations and application provisioning Quality of Service (QoS) constraints. To address this hard chall…
Recommendation systems are of crucial importance for a variety of modern apps and web services, such as news feeds, social networks, e-commerce, search, etc. To achieve peak prediction accuracy, modern recommendation models combine deep learning with terabyte-scale embedding tables to obtain a fine-grained representation of the underlying data. Traditional inference serving architectures require deploying the whole model to standalone servers, which is infeasible at such massive scale. In this paper, we provide insights into the intriguing and challenging inference domain of online recommendat…
While providing low latency is a fundamental requirement in deploying recommendation services, achieving high resource utility is also crucial in cost-effectively maintaining the datacenter. Co-locating multiple workers of a model is an effective way to maximize query-level parallelism and server throughput, but the interference caused by concurrent workers at shared resources can prevent server queries from meeting its SLA. Hera utilizes the heterogeneous memory requirement of multi-tenant recommendation models to intelligently determine a productive set of co-located models and its resource …
The popularity of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models and the ubiquity of CPUs imply that better performance of CNN model inference on CPUs can deliver significant gain to a large number of users. To improve the performance of CNN inference on CPUs, current approaches like MXNet and Intel OpenVINO usually treat the model as a graph and use the high-performance libraries such as Intel MKL-DNN to implement the operations of the graph. While achieving reasonable performance on individual operations from the off-the-shelf libraries, this solution makes it inflexible to conduct optimizations …
Deep learning recommendation models have grown to the terabyte scale. Traditional serving schemes--that load entire models to a single server--are unable to support this scale. One approach to support this scale is with distributed serving, or distributed inference, which divides the memory requirements of a single large model across multiple servers. This work is a first-step for the systems research community to develop novel model-serving solutions, given the huge system design space. Large-scale deep recommender systems are a novel workload and vital to study, as they consume up to 79% of …
Optimizing Multi-DNN Inference on Mobile Devices through Heterogeneous Processor Co-Execution
School of Computer Science and Technology, Anhui University of Technology（安徽工业大学计算机科学与技术学院）；Department of Computer and Systems Sciences, Stockholm University（斯德哥尔摩大学计算机与系统科学系）；Institute of Computer Science, University of Tartu（塔尔图大学计算机科学研究所）；IISER Berhampur（印度科学教育与研究学院贝尔汉布尔分校）；College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学计算与数据科学学院）；Computer Science School, Peking University（北京大学计算机学院）
The Transformer architecture revolutionized the field of natural language processing (NLP). Transformers-based models (e.g., BERT) power many important Web services, such as search, translation, question-answering, etc. While enormous research attention is paid to the training of those models, relatively little efforts are made to improve their inference performance. This paper comes to address this gap by presenting an empirical analysis of scalability and performance of inferencing a Transformer-based model on CPUs. Focusing on the highly popular BERT model, we identify key components of the…
Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学）；Facebook AI（脸书人工智能）
Deep learning inference is increasingly run at the edge. As the programming and system stack support becomes mature, it enables acceleration opportunities within a mobile system, where the system performance envelope is scaled up with a plethora of programmable co-processors. Thus, intelligent services designed for mobile users can choose between running inference on the CPU or any of the co-processors on the mobile system, or exploiting connected systems, such as the cloud or a nearby, locally connected system. By doing so, the services can scale out the performance and increase the energy ef…
Harvard University（哈佛大学）；Facebook AI Research（脸书人工智能研究院）
Deep learning recommendation systems must provide high quality, personalized content under strict tail-latency targets and high system loads. This paper presents RecPipe, a system to jointly optimize recommendation quality and inference performance. Central to RecPipe is decomposing recommendation models into multi-stage pipelines to maintain quality while reducing compute complexity and exposing distinct parallelism opportunities. RecPipe implements an inference scheduler to map multi-stage recommendation engines onto commodity, heterogeneous platforms (e.g., CPUs, GPUs).While the hardware-aw…
