倾斜颗粒层斜撞击的新型实验装置
A novel experimental setup for an oblique impact onto an inclined granular layer
摘要：
研制了一种新颖的颗粒碰撞实验装置，该装置可以系统地改变固体弹丸的入射角和靶颗粒层的倾角。尽管大多数自然撞击坑事件发生在具有各种入射角的倾斜表面上，但还没有任何关于倾斜撞击在倾斜目标表面上的实验。为了进行系统的撞击实验，必须开发一种新的实验装置。因此，我们建立了一个装置的冲击实验中，入射角和倾角都可以独立地变化。射弹喷射装置将直径为6 mm的塑料球加速到$v_i\simeq 100$ ~m~s $^{-1}$的撞击速度。注射单元的筒体由三维打印机制成。冲击动力学由高速摄像机捕获，以直接测量冲击速度和入射角。还测量了弹丸的回弹动力学（恢复系数和回弹角）。最后的陨石坑形状测量使用线激光轮廓仪安装在电动阶段。通过使用该系统扫描表面，可以构建三维火山口形状（高度图）。根据测量结果，我们可以定义和测量火山口的特征量。对恢复动力学的分析结果作为一个例子，系统的实验，使用开发的系统。
英文摘要：
We develop an original apparatus of the granular impact experiment by which the incident angle of the solid projectile and inclination angle of the target granular layer can be systematically varied. Whereas most of the natural cratering events occur on inclined surfaces with various incident angles, there have not been any experiments on oblique impacts on an inclined target surface. To perform systematic impact experiments, a novel experimental apparatus has to be developed. Therefore, we build an apparatus for impact experiments where both the incident angle and the inclination angle can be independently varied. The projectile-injection unit accelerates a plastic ball (6~mm in diameter) up to $v_i\simeq 100$~m~s$^{-1}$ impact velocity. The barrel of the injection unit is made with a three-dimensional printer. The impact dynamics is captured by high-speed cameras to directly measure the impact velocity and incident angle. The rebound dynamics of the projectile (restitution coefficient and rebound angle) is also measured. The final crater shapes are measured using a line-laser profiler mounted on the electric stages. By scanning the surface using this system, a three-dimensional crater shape (height map) can be constructed. From the measured result, we can define and measure the characteristic quantities of the crater. The analyzed result on the restitution dynamics is presented as an example of systematic experiments using the developed system.
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