由深度突变触发的异常波：实验室实验和截断的KdV统计力学
Anomalous waves triggered by abrupt depth changes: laboratory experiments and truncated KdV statistical mechanics
摘要：
Bolles等人（2019）最近的实验室实验表明，海底地形的突然变化可以触发随机表面波的异常统计。受这些观察结果的启发，Majda等人（2019）基于截断Korteweg-de Vries（TKdV）系统的确定性和统计分析开发了一个理论框架，该框架成功地捕获了实验的关键定性特征，包括异常统计的稳健出现和传出波场中的偏度增加。在这里，我们扩展了这些并行的实验和建模工作与几个新的发现，从两者之间的协同作用。通过精确地将模型参数与物理参数相关联，我们将模型逆温度校准到实验中存在的特定条件，从而允许定量比较。我们发现理论上预测的表面位移分布与实验测量结果相匹配，具有令人惊讶的细节。在TKdV哈密顿量的表面斜率的存在下，我们提出了新的实验测量表面斜率统计，并将它们与模型预测进行比较。一些确定性的轨迹TKdV的分析阐明了实验的长度和时间尺度所需的统计过渡到一个歪斜的状态。最后，该理论预测了向外位移偏斜度和斜率方差变化之间的特殊关系，特别是它们的比率如何取决于波的振幅和深度比。新的实验测量以惊人的方式证实了这一预测。
英文摘要：
Recent laboratory experiments of Bolles et al. (2019) demonstrate that an abrupt change in bottom topography can trigger anomalous statistics in randomized surface waves. Motivated by these observations, Majda et al. (2019) developed a theoretical framework, based on deterministic and statistical analysis of the truncated Korteweg-de Vries (TKdV) system, that successfully captures key qualitative features of the experiments, including the robust emergence of anomalous statistics and heightened skewness in the outgoing wavefield. Here, we extend these parallel experimental and modeling efforts with several new findings that have resulted from a synergetic interaction between the two. By precisely relating model parameters to physical ones, we calibrate the model inverse temperature to the specific conditions present in the experiments, thereby permitting a quantitative comparison. We find theoretically predicted distributions of surface displacement to match the experimental measurements with surprising detail. Prompted by the presence of surface slope in the TKdV Hamiltonian, we present new experimental measurements on surface slope statistics and compare them to model predictions. Analysis of some deterministic trajectories of TKdV elucidates the experimental length and time scales required for the statistical transition to a skewed state. Finally, the theory predicts a peculiar relationship between the outgoing displacement skewness and the change in slope variance, specifically how their ratio depends on the wave amplitude and depth ratio. New experimental measurements confirm this prediction in spectacular fashion.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
