We present the Ca-CN-CH photometry of the metal-complex globular cluster (GC) M22 (NGC 6656). Our photometry clearly shows the discrete double CN-CH anticorrelations in M22 red giant branch (RGB) stars, due to the difference in the mean metallicity. The populational number ratio between the two main groups is n(G1):n(G2) = 63:37(+/-3), with the G1 being more metal-poor. Furthermore, the G1 can be divided into two subpopulations with the number ratio of n(CN-w):n(CN-s) = 51:49 (+/-4), while the G2 can be divided into three subpopulations with n(CN-w):n(CN-i):n(CN-s) = 24:32:44 (+/-5). The proper motion of individual stars in the cluster shows an evidence of internal rotation, showing the G2 with a faster rotation, confirming our previous results from radial velocities. The cumulative radial distributions (CRDs) of individual subpopulations are intriguing in the following aspects: (1) In both main groups, the CRDs of the CN-s subpopulations are more centrally concentrated than other subpopulations. (2) The CRDs of the the G1 CN-s and the G2 CN-s are very similar. (3) Likewise, the G1 CN-w and the G2 CN-w and CN-i have almost identical CRDs. We also estimate the relative helium abundance of individual subpopulations by comparing their RGB bump magnitudes, finding that no helium abundance variation can be seen in the G1, while significant helium enhancements by Delta Y = 0.03 ~ 0.07 are required in the G2. Our results support the idea that M22 formed via a merger of two GCs.
Kinematics of Multiple Stellar Populations in Globular Clusters with Gaia
球状星团(GC)中多个恒星星族的内部动力学对它们形成的物理过程提供了独特的约束。特别是,星团恒星的现今运动学,如自转和速度色散,似乎与系统的初始配置有关。在最近的工作中(Milone et al. 2018),我们第一次分析了NGC0104(47 Tuccino)中不同恒星星族在大视场内的运动学,利用Gaia Data Release 2自行与多波段地基测光相结合。本文基于Cordoni等人的工作。(2019),我们将这种分析扩展到六个GC,即NGC0288,NGC5904(M5),NGC6121(M4),NGC6752,NGC6838(M71),并进一步探索NGC0104。在分析的星系团中,只有NGC0104和NGC5904在天空平面上显示出明显的旋转。有趣的是,NGC5904中的多个恒星星族呈现出不同的自转曲线。
Aims. We present a new technique to estimate the relative ages of multiple stellar populations hosted by five globular clusters: NGC 104 (47 Tuc), NGC 6121 (M4), NGC 6352, NGC 6362 and NGC 6723. Methods. We used the catalogs of the database "HST UV Globular cluster Survey (HUGS)" to create color-magnitude and two-color diagrams of the Globular Clusters. We identified the multiple populations within each globular cluster, and we divided them into two main stellar populations: POPa or first generation (1G) and POPb, composed of all the successive generations of stars. The new technique allows us…
Measuring the distribution of stellar spin axis orientations in a coeval group of stars probes the physical processes underlying the stars' formation. In this paper, we use spectro-photometric observations of the open cluster NGC 2516 to determine the degree of spin alignment among its stars. We combine TESS light curves, ground-based spectroscopy from the Gaia-ESO and GALAH surveys, broad-band stellar magnitudes from several surveys, and Gaia astrometry to measure 33 stellar inclinations and quantify overall cluster rotation. Our measurements suggest that stellar spins in this cluster are iso…
We investigate the spatial regularity in the distribution of the young stellar population along spiral arms of three late type spiral galaxies: NGC 895, NGC 5474, and NGC 6946. This study is based on an analysis of photometric properties of spiral arms using {\it GALEX} ultraviolet, optical UBVRI, Halpha, and 8mum {IRAC} infrared surface photometry data. Using the Fourier analysis approach, we found features of spatial regularity or quasi-regularity in the distribution of the young stellar population or (and) regular chains of star formation regions in all arms of NGC 895, NGC 5474, and NGC 69…
The detection of star-to-star chemical variations in star clusters older than 2 Gyr has changed the traditional view of star clusters as canonical examples of "simple stellar populations" (SSPs) into the so-called "multiple stellar populations" (MPs). Although the significance of MPs seems to correlate with cluster total mass, it seems that the presence of MPs is determined by cluster age, however. In this article, we use deep photometry from the Hubble Space Telescope to investigate whether the FG-type dwarfs in the $\sim$1.7 Gyr-old cluster NGC 1846, have helium spread. By comparing the obse…
Multiple stellar populations (MPs) representing star-to-star light-element abundance variations are common in nearly all ancient Galactic globular clusters. Here we provide the strongest evidence yet that the populous, ~ 1.7 Gyr-old Large Magellanic Cloud cluster NGC 2173 also exhibits light-element abundance variations. Thus, our results suggest that NGC 2173 is the youngest cluster for which MPs have been confirmed to date. Our conclusion is based on the distinct bifurcation at the tip of its red-giant branch in high-quality color--magnitude diagrams generated from Hubble Space Telescope ima…
We attempt to identify RR Lyrae (RRL) stars in stellar streams that might have escaped from seven globular clusters (GCs) based on proper motions, distances, color-magnitude diagrams, and other properties extracted from the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) database. Specifically, we cross-match two large RRL stars catalogs (from Gaia DR2 and Catalina Sky Survey) with each other and with the EDR3 database and we end up with a sample of ~ 150,000 unique RRL stars. We calculate distances to RRL stars using the (M_G-[Fe/H]) and (M_V-[Fe/H]) absolute magnitude-metallicity relations and adopt [Fe/H]…
Using multi-band photometric images of M 51 and its companion NGC 5195 from ultraviolet to optical and infrared, we investigate spatially resolved stellar population properties of this interacting system with stellar population synthesis models. The observed IRX is used to constrain dust extinction. Stellar mass is also inferred from the model fitting. By fitting observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with synthetical ones, we derive two-dimensional distributions of stellar age, metallicity, dust extinction, and stellar mass. In M 51, two grand-designed spiral arms extending from the bu…
Even after decades of research, the origin of multiple stellar populations in globular clusters remains enigmatic. The question as to whether the galaxy environment plays a role in their formation remains unanswered. To that extent, we analysed two classical (> 10 Gyr old) Large Magellanic Cloud globular clusters namely, NGC 1786 and NGC 1898, using imaging data from Hubble Space Telescope to compare and contrast them with ancient Galactic globular clusters to assess systematic differences that might exist between their abundance variations. We calculated their Red Giant Branch width, subtract…
We report the discovery of ancient massive merger events in the early-type galaxies NGC 1380 and NGC 1427, members of the Fornax galaxy cluster. Both galaxies have been observed by the MUSE IFU instrument on the VLT, as part of the Fornax3D project. By fitting recently-developed population-orbital superposition models to the observed surface brightness as well as stellar kinematic, age, and metallicity maps, we obtain the stellar orbits, age and metallicity distributions of each galaxy. We then decompose each galaxy into multiple orbital-based components, including a dynamically hot inner stel…
We present maps of the stellar streams detected in the Gaia Data Release 2 (DR2) and Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) catalogs using the STREAMFINDER algorithm. We also report the spectroscopic follow-up of the brighter DR2 stream members obtained with the high-resolution CFHT/ESPaDOnS and VLT/UVES spectrographs as well as with the medium-resolution NTT/EFOSC2 spectrograph. Two new stellar streams that do not have a clear progenitor are detected in DR2 (named Hrid and Gunnthra), and seven are detected in EDR3 (named Gaia-6 to Gaia-12). Several candidate streams are also identified. The software als…
The stellar mass-stellar metallicity relation (MZR) is an essential approach to probe the chemical evolution of galaxies. It reflects the balance between galactic feedback and gravitational potential as a function of stellar mass. However, the current MZR of local dwarf satellite galaxies (M* <~ 10^8 Msun, measured from resolved stellar spectroscopy) may not be reconcilable with that of more massive galaxies (M* >~ 10^9.5 Msun, measured from integrated-light spectroscopy). Such a discrepancy may result from a systematic difference between the two methods, or it may indicate a break in the MZR …
The fundamentals of estimating essential stellar parameters of an open cluster-NGC 2360 and globular clusters-NGC 5272 are presented extensively in this work. Here, the evaluation of stellar parameters, by manually fitting the appropriate isochrones on the color magnitude diagrams (CMDs), of the selected star clusters is discussed comprehensively. Aperture photometry and PSF fitting photometry are conducted on g, r, and i standard band filter images of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) using the aperture photometry tool (APT) to obtain the respective CMDs. Further, to achieve the stellar paramet…
NGC 5548 is one of the active galactic nuclei (AGN) selected for our long-term spectroscopic monitoring with the Lijiang 2.4~m telescope, aiming at investigating the origin and evolution of the broad-line regions (BLRs), accurately measuring the mass of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs), and understanding structure and evolution of the AGN. We have performed five-season observations for NGC~5548 with the median sampling interval ranging from 1.25 to 3 days. The light curves of the 5100~Å continuum and broad emission lines are measured after subtracting contamination of the host galaxy starl…
The relative contribution of various physical processes to the spatial and temporal distribution of molecular clouds and star-forming regions in the disks of galaxies has not been fully studied. The spatial regularity in the distribution of the young stellar population in spiral and ring structures is a good test to study this contribution. We investigate photometric properties of the ring and spiral arms in the barred spiral galaxy NGC 6217 based on analysis of GALEX ultraviolet, optical UBVRI and Halpha surface photometry data. The ring in the galaxy is located near the corotation area. A sp…
Introducing the Condor Array Telescope. II. Deep imaging observations of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 5907 and the NGC 5866 Group: yet another view of the iconic stellar stream