科学知识的攻防平衡：发表AI研究成果是否减少了滥用？
The Offense-Defense Balance of Scientific Knowledge: Does Publishing AI Research Reduce Misuse?
摘要：
人们越来越担心人工智能（AI）研究的潜在滥用。发表科学研究可能会助长技术的滥用，但研究也有助于防止滥用。本文讨论了这两种效果之间的平衡。我们的理论框架阐明了决定已发表的研究对攻击者或防御者是否更有用的因素，例如适当的防御措施的可能性，或科学界以外的知识的独立发现。科学领域的平衡会有所不同。然而，我们表明，人工智能中现有的对话已经从计算机安全中先前关于软件漏洞披露的辩论中引入了概念和结论。虽然软件漏洞的披露往往有利于防御，但这不能被假设为人工智能研究。人工智能研究界应该考虑来自广泛的邻近领域的概念和政策，并最终需要制定适合其特定挑战的政策。
英文摘要：
There is growing concern over the potential misuse of artificial intelligence (AI) research. Publishing scientific research can facilitate misuse of the technology, but the research can also contribute to protections against misuse. This paper addresses the balance between these two effects. Our theoretical framework elucidates the factors governing whether the published research will be more useful for attackers or defenders, such as the possibility for adequate defensive measures, or the independent discovery of the knowledge outside of the scientific community. The balance will vary across scientific fields. However, we show that the existing conversation within AI has imported concepts and conclusions from prior debates within computer security over the disclosure of software vulnerabilities. While disclosure of software vulnerabilities often favours defence, this cannot be assumed for AI research. The AI research community should consider concepts and policies from a broad set of adjacent fields, and ultimately needs to craft policy well-suited to its particular challenges.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
