格点规范理论的可靠性
Reliability of lattice gauge theories
摘要：
目前，在量子模拟器中实现格点规范理论的实验工作正在进行中。然而，除了特定的模型，实际的量子模拟器永远无法微调到完美的局域规范不变性。因此，有一个严格的规范不变性破坏的理解，以及如何可靠地防止它的强烈需要。我们通过分析和数值证据表明，在规范不变性破坏项的存在下，规范破坏只在很短的时间内微扰积累扩散之前，只有在很长的时间。这种扩散可以被抑制到无限次的能量惩罚的过程，驱动动力学远离初始规范不变的部门。我们的研究结果提供了一个理论基础，突出了一个令人惊讶的鲁棒性规范理论量子模拟器。
英文摘要：
Currently, there are intense experimental efforts to realize lattice gauge theories in quantum simulators. Except for specific models, however, practical quantum simulators can never be fine-tuned to perfect local gauge invariance. There is thus a strong need for a rigorous understanding of gauge-invariance violation and how to reliably protect against it. As we show through analytic and numerical evidence, in the presence of a gauge invariance-breaking term the gauge violation accumulates only perturbatively at short times before proliferating only at very long times. This proliferation can be suppressed up to infinite times by energetically penalizing processes that drive the dynamics away from the initial gauge-invariant sector. Our results provide a theoretical basis that highlights a surprising robustness of gauge-theory quantum simulators.
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