从X射线-光子事件的模拟看用过渡边缘传感器优化能量和到达时间分辨率的进展
Progress toward optimizing energy and arrival-time resolution with a transition-edge sensor from simulations of X-ray-photon events
摘要：
由X射线望远镜携带的超导过渡边传感器是研究中子星和黑洞的有力工具。几种方法，如最佳滤波或主成分分析，已经开发出分析这些传感器的X射线数据。然而，这些技术可能难以在太空中实施。我们的目标是开发一种计算成本较低的技术，优化能量和时间分辨率时，X射线光子检测的TES。TES表现出与光子能量的非线性响应。因此，在低能量下，我们关注电流脉冲高度，而在高能量下，我们考虑电流脉冲宽度，以检索X射线光子的能量和到达时间。对于0.1 keV和30 keV之间的能量和195 kHz的采样率，我们得到的能量分辨率（半最大值处的全宽）在1.32 eV和2.98 eV之间。我们还得到了一个到达时间分辨率（全持续时间在一半的最大值）之间的163 ns和3.85 ns。为了提高这些结果的准确性，有必要对TES中的非平稳噪声进行彻底描述，并开发一种鲁棒的堆积事件车载识别方法。
英文摘要：
Superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) carried by X-ray telescopes are powerful tools for the study of neutron stars and black holes. Several methods, such as optimal filtering or principal component analysis, have already been developed to analyse X-ray data from these sensors. However, these techniques may be hard to implement in space. Our goal is to develop a lower-computational-cost technique that optimizes energy and time resolution when X-ray photons are detected by a TES. TESs exhibit a non-linear response with photon energy. Therefore, at low energies we focus on the current-pulse height whereas at high energies we consider the current-pulse width, to retrieve energy and arrival time of X-ray photons. For energies between 0.1 keV and 30 keV and with a sampling rate of 195 kHz, we obtain an energy resolution (full width at half the maximum) between 1.32 eV and 2.98 eV. We also get an arrival-time resolution (full duration at half the maximum) between 163 ns and 3.85 ns. To improve the accuracy of these results it will be essential to get a thorough description of non-stationary noise in a TES, and to develop a robust on-board identification method of pile-up events.
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