使用机器人SLODAR系统表征Paranal的turbulence的地面层
Characterisation of the ground layer of turbulence at Paranal using a robotic SLODAR system
摘要：
我们描述了一个机器人SLODAR仪器在Cerro Paranal天文台的实施。该仪器以8种分辨率测量光学大气湍流强度的垂直分布，最大高度为100米至500米。我们提供了2014年至2018年期间总共875个夜晚的湍流廓线测量的统计结果。湍流地面层的垂直剖面变化很大，但在中等情况下，地面层中的湍流强度大多集中在前50 m高度内，在高达500 m的较高高度处湍流相对较弱。我们发现从SLODAR和Paranal DIMM视宁度监视器的视宁度测量值之间具有良好的一致性，并且还可以从VLT UT 1的Shack-Hartmann主动光学传感器中提取视宁度值，调整每个仪器在地平面以上的高度。SLODAR数据表明，通过完全校正UTs高度（取为10米）和高度500米之间的地面层湍流，可以获得波长500 nm处的视角中值从0.689角秒改善到0.481角秒。
英文摘要：
We describe the implementation of a robotic SLODAR instrument at the Cerro Paranal observatory. The instrument measures the vertical profile of the optical atmospheric turbulence strength, in 8 resolution elements, to a maximum altitude ranging between 100 m and 500 m. We present statistical results of measurements of the turbulence profile on a total of 875 nights between 2014 and 2018. The vertical profile of the ground layer of turbulence is very varied, but in the median case most of the turbulence strength in the ground layer is concentrated within the first 50 m altitude, with relatively weak turbulence at higher altitudes up to 500 m. We find good agreement between measurements of the seeing angle from the SLODAR and from the Paranal DIMM seeing monitor, and also for seeing values extracted from the Shack-Hartmann active optics sensor of VLT UT1, adjusting for the height of each instrument above ground level. The SLODAR data suggest that a median improvement in the seeing angle from 0.689 arcsec to 0.481 arcsec at wavelength 500 nm would be obtained by fully correcting the ground-layer turbulence between the height of the UTs (taken as 10 m) and altitude 500 m.
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