行星状星云钠、钾和钙的电离修正因子
Ionization correction factors for sodium, potassium, and calcium in planetary nebulae
摘要：
我们使用一个大的网格的光电离模型，是观察到的行星状星云（PNe）的代表，以获得电离校正因子（ICF）的钠，钾和钙。除了ICF的分析表达式，我们提供了ICF可以安全使用的有效性范围和与ICF相关的典型不确定性的估计。我们改进了文献中先前钙和钾的ICF，并首次建议钠的ICF。我们测试了我们的ICF与样品的39 PNe与这些元素的一些离子的发射线。在导出的丰度和电离度之间没有发现明显的趋势，这表明我们的ICF似乎没有在结果中引入人为偏差。在研究的PNe中发现的丰度范围为log（Na/O）-2.88 $^{+0.21}_{-0.22}$至-2.09 $\pm$ 0.21，log（K/O）-4.20 $^{+0.31}_{-0.45}$至-3.05 $^{+0.26}_{-0.47}$，log（Ca/O）-3.71 $^{+0.41}_{-0.34}$至-1.57 $^{+0.33}_{-0.47}$。这些数字意味着，一些研究的PNe有高达65%，75%或95%的Na，K和/或Ca原子凝聚成尘埃颗粒，分别。正如预期的那样，发现钙的消耗最高，钙是具有最高冷凝温度的元素。
英文摘要：
We use a large grid of photoionization models that are representative of observed planetary nebulae (PNe) to derive ionization correction factors (ICFs) for sodium, potassium, and calcium. In addition to the analytical expressions of the ICFs, we provide the range of validity where the ICFs can be safely used and an estimate of the typical uncertainties associated with the ICFs. We improved the previous ICFs for calcium and potassium in the literature and suggest for the first time an ICF for sodium. We tested our ICFs with a sample of 39 PNe with emission lines of some ion of these elements. No obvious trend is found between the derived abundances and the degree of ionization, suggesting that our ICFs do not seem to be introducing an artificial bias in the results. The abundances found in the studied PNe range from -2.88$^{+0.21}_{-0.22}$ to -2.09$\pm$0.21 in log(Na/O), from -4.20$^{+0.31}_{-0.45}$ to -3.05$^{+0.26}_{-0.47}$ in log(K/O), and from -3.71$^{+0.41}_{-0.34}$ to -1.57$^{+0.33}_{-0.47}$ in log(Ca/O). These numbers imply that some of the studied PNe have up to 65, 75, or 95 per cent of their Na, K, and/or Ca atoms condensed into dust grains, respectively. As expected, the highest depletions are found for calcium which is the element with the highest condensation temperature.
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