与热浴耦合的相互作用量子系统中的预热记忆损失
Prethermal memory loss in interacting quantum systems coupled to thermal baths
摘要：
本文研究了具有强Wannier-Stark势倾斜的扩展Fermi-Hubbard链在水浴中的弛豫动力学。当系统受到移相噪声的影响时，从一个纯的初始状态开始，系统的总冯诺伊曼熵单调增长。当系统耦合到有限温度的热浴时，情况变得相当不同。这里，对于足够大的场梯度和初始能量，熵在时间上达到峰值，并且几乎在系统松弛到热平衡之前达到其最大可能值（对应于最大混合状态）。这个熵峰值信号的预热记忆损失，相对于它发生的时间，系统被发现表现出一个简单的缩放行为在空间和时间。通过比较系统的动力学的简化模型，发现潜在的机制是与Wannier-Stark系统的本地化属性，这有利于耗散耦合的能量接近的本征态。
英文摘要：
We study the relaxation dynamics of an extended Fermi-Hubbard chain with a strong Wannier-Stark potential tilt coupled to a bath. When the system is subjected to dephasing noise, starting from a pure initial state the system's total von Neumann entropy is found to grow monotonously. The scenario becomes rather different when the system is coupled to a thermal bath of finite temperature. Here, for sufficiently large field gradients and initial energies, the entropy peaks in time and almost reaches its largest possible value (corresponding to the maximally mixed state), long before the system relaxes to thermal equilibrium. This entropy peak signals a prethermal memory loss and, relative to the time where it occurs, the system is found to exhibit a simple scaling behavior in space and time. By comparing the system's dynamics to that of a simplified model, the underlying mechanism is found to be related to the localization property of the Wannier-Stark system, which favors dissipative coupling between eigenstates that are close in energy.
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