扭曲粒子碰撞中的运动学惊奇
Kinematic surprises in twisted particle collisions
摘要：
“扭曲粒子”是指光子、电子、强子或任何其他粒子的非平面波状态，其相对于它们的平均传播方向携带非零的、可调节的轨道角动量。扭曲的光子和电子已经在实验中得到了证实，人们可以期待在未来创造出其他粒子的扭曲态。这样的状态可以在碰撞中产生，为对撞机实验提供了一个全新的自由度，特别是为强子物理学提供了一个新的工具。我们最近表明，$2 \to 1$过程与两个扭曲的粒子，如共振产生扭曲$e^+e^-$湮灭提供访问到的观察，这是很难或不可能探测在通常的平面波碰撞。在本文中，我们详细讨论了这个过程中令人惊讶的运动学特征，重点是无自旋粒子湮灭。它们包括：（1）扭曲湮灭中最终动量空间中的一个新维度，（2）作为总能量的函数出现在截面中的干涉条纹，以及（3）该过程的内置质谱能力，即，单色扭转粒子湮灭实验中多个不同质量共振的同时产生和自动角分离能源所有这些特征在通常的平面波碰撞情况下是无法得到的。
英文摘要：
"Twisted particles" refer to non-plane-wave states of photons, electrons, hadrons, or any other particle which carry non-zero, adjustable orbital angular momentum with respect to their average propagation direction. Twisted photons and electrons have already been experimentally demonstrated, and one can expect creation of twisted states of other particles in future. Such states can be brought in collisions, offering a completely new degree of freedom in collider experiments and, especially, a novel tool for hadronic physics. We recently showed that $2 \to 1$ processes with two twisted particles such as resonance production in twisted $e^+e^-$ annihilation give access to observables which are difficult or impossible to probe in the usual plane-wave collisions. In this paper, we discuss in detail surprising kinematic features of this process, focusing on spinless particle annihilation. They include (1) a new dimension in the final momentum space available in twisted annihilation, (2) interference fringes emerging in the cross section as a function of the total energy, and (3) the built-in mass spectrometric capability of this process, that is, simultaneous production and automatic angular separation of several resonances with different masses in monochromatic twisted particle annihilation experiment running at fixed energy. All these features cannot be obtained in the usual plane wave collision setting.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
