具有电调谐弹性相互作用的Skyrmions群
Schools of skyrmions with electrically tunable elastic interactions
摘要：
在软物质中，有序性和流动性的共存常常模仿生物学中的情况，从而允许复杂的动力学和像显示器这样的应用。在活跃的软物质中，由于这种动力学，涌现的秩序可以出现。由局部能量转换提供动力，这种行为类似于生命系统中的运动，如鱼群。在细胞水平上类似的动力学驱动着生物过程并产生宏观功。具有这种突发行为能力的无生命粒子可以为纳米机器提供动力，但大多数活性系统都有生物起源。在这里，我们表明，数千至数百万的拓扑孤子，被称为“skyrmions”，而每个转换宏观提供的电能，表现出集体运动沿自发选择的方向与电场的方向无关。在这些“学校”的skyrmion，我们发现极性排序，可重构的多skyrmion集群和大规模的凝聚力介导的平衡弹性相互作用。值得注意的是，这种行为在类似于液晶显示器中的条件下出现，并且可以使动态材料具有强的出射电光响应。
英文摘要：
Coexistence of order and fluidity in soft matter often mimics that in biology, allowing for complex dynamics and applications like displays. In active soft matter, emergent order can arise because of such dynamics. Powered by local energy conversion, this behavior resembles motions in living systems, like schooling of fish. Similar dynamics at cellular levels drive biological processes and generate macroscopic work. Inanimate particles capable of such emergent behavior could power nanomachines, but most active systems have biological origins. Here we show that thousands-to-millions of topological solitons, dubbed "skyrmions", while each converting macroscopically-supplied electric energy, exhibit collective motions along spontaneously-chosen directions uncorrelated with the direction of electric field. Within these "schools" of skyrmions, we uncover polar ordering, reconfigurable multi-skyrmion clustering and large-scale cohesion mediated by out-of-equilibrium elastic interactions. Remarkably, this behavior arises under conditions similar to those in liquid crystal displays and may enable dynamic materials with strong emergent electro-optic responses.
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