电磁相互作用暗物质的宇宙学意义：毫荷电粒子和原子与单和双荷电暗物质
Cosmological implications of electromagnetically interacting dark matter: milli-charged particles and atoms with singly and doubly charged dark matter
摘要：
虽然暗物质的主要成分的行为是相当好地建立了宇宙学观测，它的粒子性质和与其他物质的相互作用是未知的。考虑了三种允许重子与暗物质之间电磁相互作用的暗物质模型：（a）电荷为$q_{\rm ccdm}$、质量为$m_{\rm ccdm}$的毫荷电粒子（CCDM），（b）质量为$m_{\rm dd}$（DD）的两个带电粒子的中性原子，（c）双荷电粒子和氦核的中性原子（HeD）.我们推导并详细讨论了这些原子与重子的形成、稳定性和相互作用。我们推导出这种新的相互作用的紧耦合近似的影响，这使我们能够分析衡量其对物质的功率谱和CMB各向异性的影响。我们将这种新的相互作用到公开可用的代码类，以获得数值结果。我们将我们的结果与普朗克2018年的数据进行比较，以限制相互作用的暗物质的比例。在所允许的天体物理参数范围内，HeD原子产生$Λ$ CDM模型对$k < 1 \, \rm Mpc^{-1}$的结果，因此它的分数不受对$k < 0.2 \, \rm Mpc^{-1}$敏感的CMB各向异性数据的约束。对于$m_{\rm dd} \gtrsim 25 \, \rm GeV$，DD原子也不受CMB数据的约束。对于$m_{\rm dd} = 10 \, \rm GeV$，CMB数据将DD原子的分数限制为小于总CDM组分的4%。对于$q_{\rm ccdm} = 10^{-6}e$和$m_{\rm ccdm} = 50 \, \rm MeV$，CCDM分数被限制为小于1%。
英文摘要：
While the behavior of the dominant component of the dark matter is reasonably well established by cosmological observables, its particle nature and interactions with the rest of the matter are not known. We consider three dark matter models that admit electromagnetic interaction between baryons and dark matter: (a) milli-charged particle (CCDM) of charge $q_{\rm ccdm}$ and mass $m_{\rm ccdm}$, (b) a neutral atom of two charged particles of mass $m_{\rm dd}$ (DD), and (c) a neutral atom of doubly charged particle and helium nucleus (HeD). We derive and discuss in detail the formation, stability, and interaction of these atoms with baryons. We derive the implications of this new interaction in the tight-coupling approximation, which allows us to analytically gauge their impact on the matter power spectrum and CMB anisotropy. We incorporate this new interaction into the publicly-available code CLASS to obtain numerical results. We compare our results with Planck 2018 data to constrain the fraction of interacting dark matter. For the range of allowed astrophysical parameters, the HeD atom yields the results of $Λ$CDM model for $k < 1 \, \rm Mpc^{-1}$, and hence its fraction is not constrained by CMB anisotropy data which is sensitive to $k < 0.2 \, \rm Mpc^{-1}$. For $m_{\rm dd} \gtrsim 25 \, \rm GeV$, the DD atom is also not constrained by CMB data. For $m_{\rm dd} = 10 \, \rm GeV$, the CMB data constrains the fraction of DD atoms to be smaller than 4% of the total CDM component. For $q_{\rm ccdm} = 10^{-6}e$ and $m_{\rm ccdm} = 50 \, \rm MeV$, the CCDM fraction is constrained to be less than 1%.
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