宗教如何意外地煽动谎言和暴力：民间故事作为文化传播者
On how religions could accidentally incite lies and violence: Folktales as a cultural transmitter
摘要：
本研究采用贝叶斯网络建模方法和马尔可夫链蒙特卡罗技术，使用从长期存在的越南民间故事中提取的独特数据集，了解谎言和暴力在主要宗教教义中的作用。研究结果表明，尽管撒谎和暴力行为预示着对实施者的负面影响，但其与核心宗教价值观的关联在民间故事人物的最终结果中存在分歧。为儒教或道教（但不是佛教）的宗教使命而撒谎会给人物带来积极的结果（\b{eta} T_and_Lie_O= 2.23; \b{eta} C_and_Lie_O= 1.47; \b{eta} T_and_Lie_O= 2.23）。一个致力于服务佛教使命的暴力行为会给提交者带来一个快乐的结局（\b{eta} B_and_Viol_O= 2.55）。这里强调的是在解释和实践三种教义时明显的双重标准：所宣扬的非常善良的结果，无论是佛教的同情和冥想，儒家的社会秩序，还是道教的自然和谐，似乎都包含了两个普遍的恶习-佛教的暴力和后两者的谎言。这些发现有助于一系列旨在理解矛盾的人类行为的研究，除了在信念维持中的认知和在贴现反驳中的动机性推理之外，还增加了宗教教义的作用。
英文摘要：
This research employs the Bayesian network modeling approach, and the Markov chain Monte Carlo technique, to learn about the role of lies and violence in teachings of major religions, using a unique dataset extracted from long-standing Vietnamese folktales. The results indicate that, although lying and violent acts augur negative consequences for those who commit them, their associations with core religious values diverge in the final outcome for the folktale characters. Lying that serves a religious mission of either Confucianism or Taoism (but not Buddhism) brings a positive outcome to a character (\b{eta}T_and_Lie_O= 2.23; \b{eta}C_and_Lie_O= 1.47; \b{eta}T_and_Lie_O= 2.23). A violent act committed to serving Buddhist missions results in a happy ending for the committer (\b{eta}B_and_Viol_O= 2.55). What is highlighted here is a glaring double standard in the interpretation and practice of the three teachings: the very virtuous outcomes being preached, whether that be compassion and meditation in Buddhism, societal order in Confucianism, or natural harmony in Taoism, appear to accommodate two universal vices-violence in Buddhism and lying in the latter two. These findings contribute to a host of studies aimed at making sense of contradictory human behaviors, adding the role of religious teachings in addition to cognition in belief maintenance and motivated reasoning in discounting counterargument.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
