Wavefront error tolerancing for direct imaging of exo-Earths with a large segmented telescope in space
Iva Laginja, Lucie Leboulleux, Laurent Pueyo, Rémi Soummer, Jean-François Sauvage, Laurent Mugnier, Laura E. Coyle, J. Scott Knight, Kathryn St. Laurent, Emiel H. Por, James Noss
备注：
15 pages, 10 figures; published
发表信息：
Proc. SPIE 11117, Optical Engineering + Applications: Techniques and Instrumentation for Detection of Exoplanets IX; 1111717 (2019)
Direct imaging of exo-Earths and search for life is one of the most exciting and challenging objectives for future space observatories. Segmented apertures in space will be required to reach the needed large diameters beyond the capabilities of current or planned launch vehicles. These apertures present additional challenges for high-contrast coronagraphy, not only in terms of static phasing but also in terms of their stability. The Pair-based Analytical model for Segmented Telescope Imaging from Space (PASTIS) was developed to model the effects of segment-level optical aberrations on the final image contrast. In this paper, we extend the original PASTIS propagation model from a purely analytical to a semi-analytical method, in which we substitute the use of analytical images with numerically simulated images. The inversion of this model yields a set of orthonormal modes that can be used to determine segment-level wavefront tolerances. We present results in the case of segment-level piston error applied to the baseline coronagraph design of LUVOIR A, with minimum and maximum wavefront error constraint between 56 pm and 290 pm per segment. The analysis is readily generalizable to other segment-level aberrations modes, and can also be expanded to establish stability tolerances for these missions.
Impact of segmented deformable mirrors on high-contrast testbeds for exoplanet imaging with future large space telescopes: contrast stability assessment on the HiCAT bench
Université Côte d’Azur（蔚蓝海岸大学）；Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur（蔚蓝海岸天文台）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Laboratoire Lagrange（拉格朗日实验室）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Max Planck Institute for Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；University of California, Santa Cruz（加州大学圣克鲁兹分校）；LIRA, Observatoire de Paris（巴黎天文台LIRA）；Thales Alenia Space（泰雷兹阿莱尼亚太空公司）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院喷气推进实验室）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）
Tradeoff between segment density and IWA for high-contrast imaging of exoplanets with a large segmented space mission
Univ. Grenoble Alpes（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；IPAG（宇宙物理学与行星学研究所）；Max-Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA)（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）
Mid-order wavefront control for exoplanet imaging: preliminary characterization of the segmented deformable mirror and Zernike wavefront sensor on HiCAT
SUPERSHARP - Segmented Unfolding Primary for Exoplanet Research via Spectroscopic High Angular Resolution Photography
我们建议从大约100个地球大小的行星反射光的光谱中寻找生物特征，这些行星已经知道在它们的宜居带（HZ）中运行。对于G型和K型宿主的样本，这些行星中的大多数将与它们的宿主恒星相距25至50毫角秒（mas），并且暗10亿至100亿倍。为了在氧生物特征的波长（763纳米）处将行星的图像与其宿主恒星的图像分开，我们需要一个孔径为16米的望远镜。此外，在系外行星图像中的位置，来自主恒星的光的强度必须被抑制，否则系外行星将在眩光中消失。这带来了巨大的技术挑战。地球的大气层是湍流的，这使得它不可能在763 nm的地面上达到所需的对比度。因此，望远镜需要在太空中，为了将望远镜安装在火箭整流罩中，它必须在折叠时比工作时小4倍或更多倍。为了获得763 nm处的行星生物特征光谱，我们需要使用一个视场（FOV）为1000 x 1000毫角秒（mas）和光谱分辨率为100的积分场光谱仪（IFS）。这是一种设备，可以同时拍摄系外行星的许多照片，每张照片的波长略有不同，然后记录为具有两个空间维度和一个波长维度的数据立方体。在每一个数据立方体波长切片中，来自行星图像所在位置的主星的背景光必须最小化。这是通过阻挡来自主星的光的日冕仪和持续保持非常高精度的光学对准以使图像尽可能清晰的主动/自适应光学技术来实现的。这些都是设计研究中需要解决的技术挑战。
Optimal Design of Shaped Pupil Lyot Coronagraph for China's Large Segmented Telescope
College of Future Technology, Peking University（北京大学未来技术学院）；Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University（北京大学前沿交叉学科研究院）；National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University（北京大学国家生物医学成像中心）；Department of Astronomy, Xiamen University（厦门大学天文学系）；State Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学物理与天文学院李政道研究所暗物质物理全国重点实验室）；Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University（北京大学物理学院天文学系）；The Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University（北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所）；CAS Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy, National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台光学天文重点实验室）
Segment-level thermal sensitivity analysis for exo-Earth coronagraphy with segmented space telescopes
University of Massachusetts（马萨诸塞大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；LIRA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CY Cergy Paris Université（巴黎天文台，PSL大学，索邦大学，巴黎西岱大学，CY塞尔吉巴黎大学）；Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute（伦斯勒理工学院）；BAE Systems, Space & Mission Systems Inc.（BAE系统公司，空间与任务系统公司）；L3Harris Technologies, Inc.（L3哈里斯技术公司）
Keck Observatory as an HWO Testbed: validating wavefront sensing and control schemes on a large segmented aperture in parallel with high-contrast science
JWST telemetry combined with active coronagraphy: raw contrast predictions for exoplanet imaging with the Habitable Worlds Observatory
Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；University of California Santa Cruz（加州大学圣克鲁兹分校）；Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange（蔚蓝海岸大学，蔚蓝海岸天文台，法国国家科学研究中心，拉格朗日实验室）；Max Planck Institute for Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）
3.5-meter Segmented-Mirror Robotic Space Telescope Mission White Paper III. Key Scientific Mission: Exoplanet Science with a Coronagraph
Korea Institute for Advanced Study（韩国高级科学研究院）；Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute（韩国天文学与空间科学研究所）；University of Ulsan（蔚山科学技术院）；University of Science and Technology（科学技术联合大学院大学）；Kyungpook National University（庆北国立大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Pusan National University（釜山国立大学）；Korea National University of Education（韩国国立教育大学）；Seoul National University（首尔国立大学）；Yonsei University（延世大学）
High-contrast imager for complex aperture telescopes (HiCAT): 11. System-level demonstration of the Apodized Pupil Lyot Coronagraph with a segmented aperture in air
Polarization aberrations in next-generation Giant Segmented Mirror Telescopes (GSMTs). II. Influence of segment-to-segment coating variations on high-contrast imaging and polarimetry
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía CSIC（安达卢西亚天体物理研究所）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias（加那利天体物理研究所）；Grantecan（格兰特坎）；Aryabhatta Research Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES)（阿耶波多观测科学研究所）；Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México（墨西哥国立自治大学天文研究所）
3.5-meter Segmented-Mirror Robotic Space Telescope Mission White Paper I. Overall Architecture and Scientific Mission
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute（韩国天文学与空间科学研究所）；University of Ulsan University of Science and Technology（蔚山科学技术大学）；Kyungpook National University（庆北国立大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Korea Institute for Advanced Study（韩国高等研究院）；Pusan National University（釜山国立大学）；Korea National University of Education（韩国国立教育大学）；Seoul National University（首尔国立大学）；Yonsei University（延世大学）
Redundant apodization for direct imaging of exoplanets I: Robustness to primary mirror segmentation-induced errors outside the segment diffraction limit
Apodized pupil Lyot coronagraphs for arbitrary apertures. V. Hybrid Shaped Pupil designs for imaging Earth-like planets with future space observatories
