3D打印致动器：可逆性，松弛和棘轮
3D Printed Actuators: Reversibility, Relaxation and Ratcheting
摘要：
增材制造致力于将任何材料组合成三维功能结构和设备，最终开辟了3D打印机器的可能性。致动这样的设备仍然很困难，因此将3D打印机器的范围限制在无源设备上，或者需要结合不同制造的外部致动器。在这里，我们探索3D打印的混合热塑性塑料/导体双层，可以通过外部可控电流流过其导电面引起的差分加热来驱动。我们揭示了这种致动器的功能，并表明它们允许一次性3D打印简单的柔性机器人结构，这些结构在逐步施加的电压下向前推进。此外，利用非导电塑料部件在高温下的热塑性，我们展示了强大的驱动如何导致不可逆变形-一种4D打印形式-这也扩大了致动器的线性响应范围。最后，我们将展示如何利用这种热塑性松弛累积塑性形变，并获得非常大的变形交替驱动两层的双层，我们称之为棘轮效应。我们的策略是可扩展和广泛适用的，并开辟了一种新的方法，可逆驱动和不可逆的4D打印任意结构和机器。
英文摘要：
Additive manufacturing strives to combine any combination of materials into three dimensional functional structures and devices, ultimately opening up the possibility of 3D printed machines. It remains difficult to actuate such devices, thus limiting the scope of 3D printed machines to passive devices or necessitating the incorporation of external actuators that are manufactured differently. Here we explore 3D printed hybrid thermoplast/conducter bilayers, that can be actuated by differential heating caused by externally controllable currents flowing through their conducting faces. We uncover the functionality of such actuators and show that they allow to 3D print, in one pass, simple flexible robotic structures that propel forward under step-wise applied voltages. Moreover, exploiting the thermoplasticity of the non-conducting plastic parts at elevated temperatures, we show how strong driving leads to irreversible deformations - a form of 4D printing - which also enlarges the range of linear response of the actuators. Finally, we show how to leverage such thermoplastic relaxations to accumulate plastic deformations and obtain very large deformations by alternatively driving both layers of a bilayer; we call this ratcheting. Our strategy is scalable and widely applicable, and opens up a new approach to reversible actuation and irreversible 4D printing of arbitrary structures and machines.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
