扭转凝聚体：玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的Angular Momentum输运
Torquing the Condensate: Angular Momentum Transport in Bose-Einstein Condensates by Solitonic "Corkscrew"
摘要：
当旋转的经典液滴合并在一起时，由于液滴界面处的粘性剪切流，角动量可以从一个平流输送到另一个。在无粘量子流体如玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC）中，相应的机制是什么仍然是难以捉摸的。在这里，我们报告我们的理论研究的初始静态BEC合并与旋转BEC在三维空间中沿旋转轴。我们表明，孤立子片类似于一个“螺旋”自发出现在界面处。观察到角动量以恒定速率快速转移，普遍与初始角动量密度成正比。引人注目的是，这种转移不一定涉及流体平流或量子化涡旋的漂移。我们发现，孤子螺旋可以施加一个扭矩，直接创建角动量在静态BEC和湮灭角动量在旋转BEC。揭示这种有趣的角动量输运机制可能有助于我们理解各种相干物质波系统，从芯片上的原子电子学到宇宙尺度上的暗物质玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体。
英文摘要：
When rotating classical fluid drops merge together, angular momentum can be advected from one to another due to the viscous shear flow at the drop interface. It remains elusive what the corresponding mechanism is in inviscid quantum fluids such as Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Here we report our theoretical study of an initially static BEC merging with a rotating BEC in three-dimensional space along the rotational axis. We show that a soliton sheet resembling a "corkscrew" spontaneously emerges at the interface. Rapid angular momentum transfer at a constant rate universally proportional to the initial angular momentum density is observed. Strikingly, this transfer does not necessarily involve fluid advection or drifting of the quantized vortices. We reveal that the solitonic corkscrew can exert a torque that directly creates angular momentum in the static BEC and annihilates angular momentum in the rotating BEC. Uncovering this intriguing angular momentum transport mechanism may benefit our understanding of various coherent matter-wave systems, spanning from atomtronics on chips to dark matter BECs at cosmic scales.
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