arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1909.07486cs.NE
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水库学会学习

Reservoirs learn to learn

Anand Subramoney, Franz Scherr, Wolfgang Maass

摘要:

我们考虑液态机器形式的储层,即,具有随机选择权重的尖峰神经元的循环连接网络。到目前为止,只有线性读数的权重适用于特定任务。我们想知道,如果有目的地而不是随机地选择递归权重,液态机的性能是否可以得到改善。毕竟,大脑中循环连接的权重也不是随机选择的。相反,这些权重可能在特定任务领域的进化、开发和先前的学习经验中进行了优化。为了研究在有目的的液体中选择循环权重的好处,我们将学习到学习(L2 L)范式应用于我们的模型:我们优化了循环连接的权重-因此液体状态机的动力学-用于一大系列潜在的学习任务,网络可能必须通过修改读出神经元的权重来学习。我们发现,这种双层过程大大提高了液态机在特定任务中的学习速度。事实上,如果根本不对线性读出的权重进行训练,而是依赖于网络的内部动态和衰减记忆来记住它可以从当前学习任务的先前示例中提取的显著信息,则这种学习速度会进一步增加。这第二种类型的学习最近被提出来作为前额叶皮层和运动皮层快速学习的基础,因此在模型中探索其性能也很有意义。由于液态机与其他类型的水库有许多共同的属性,我们的研究结果提出了一个问题,即L2 L是否也能为其他水库带来类似的好处。

英文摘要:

We consider reservoirs in the form of liquid state machines, i.e., recurrently connected networks of spiking neurons with randomly chosen weights. So far only the weights of a linear readout were adapted for a specific task. We wondered whether the performance of liquid state machines can be improved if the recurrent weights are chosen with a purpose, rather than randomly. After all, weights of recurrent connections in the brain are also not assumed to be randomly chosen. Rather, these weights were probably optimized during evolution, development, and prior learning experiences for specific task domains. In order to examine the benefits of choosing recurrent weights within a liquid with a purpose, we applied the Learning-to-Learn (L2L) paradigm to our model: We optimized the weights of the recurrent connections -- and hence the dynamics of the liquid state machine -- for a large family of potential learning tasks, which the network might have to learn later through modification of the weights of readout neurons. We found that this two-tiered process substantially improves the learning speed of liquid state machines for specific tasks. In fact, this learning speed increases further if one does not train the weights of linear readouts at all, and relies instead on the internal dynamics and fading memory of the network for remembering salient information that it could extract from preceding examples for the current learning task. This second type of learning has recently been proposed to underlie fast learning in the prefrontal cortex and motor cortex, and hence it is of interest to explore its performance also in models. Since liquid state machines share many properties with other types of reservoirs, our results raise the question whether L2L conveys similar benefits also to these other reservoirs.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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