We perform an analysis of the three-dimensional cosmic matter density field traced by galaxies of the SDSS-III/BOSS galaxy sample. The systematic-free nature of this analysis is confirmed by two elements: the successful cross-correlation with the gravitational lensing observations derived from Planck 2018 data and the absence of bias at scales $k \simeq 10^{-3}-10^{-2}h$ Mpc$^{-1}$ in the a posteriori power spectrum of recovered initial conditions. Our analysis builds upon our algorithm for Bayesian Origin Reconstruction from Galaxies (BORG) and uses a physical model of cosmic structure formation to infer physically meaningful cosmic structures and their corresponding dynamics from deep galaxy observations. Our approach accounts for redshift-space distortions and light-cone effects inherent to deep observations. We also apply detailed corrections to account for known and unknown foreground contaminations, selection effects and galaxy biases. We obtain maps of residual, so far unexplained, systematic effects in the spectroscopic data of SDSS-III/BOSS. Our results show that unbiased and physically plausible models of the cosmic large scale structure can be obtained from present and next-generation galaxy surveys.
We present a cosmic void catalog using the large-scale structure galaxy catalog from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). This galaxy catalog is part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 12 and is the final catalog of SDSS-III. We take into account the survey boundaries, masks, and angular and radial selection functions, and apply the ZOBOV void finding algorithm to the galaxy catalog. We identify a total of 10,643 voids. After making quality cuts to ensure that the voids represent real underdense regions, we obtain 1,228 voids with effective radii spanning the ra…
In this study, we probe the transition to cosmic homogeneity in the Large Scale Structure (LSS) of the Universe using the CMASS galaxy sample of BOSS spectroscopic survey which covers the largest effective volume to date, $3\ h^{-3}\ \mathrm{Gpc}^3$ at $0.43 \leq z \leq 0.7$. We study the scaled counts-in-spheres, $\mathcal{N}(<r)$, and the fractal correlation dimension, $\mathcal{D}_2(r)$, to assess the homogeneity scale of the universe using a $Landy\ \&\ Szalay$ inspired estimator. Defining the scale of transition to homogeneity as the scale at which $\mathcal{D}_2(r)$ reaches 3 within $1\%…
We apply the Alcock-Paczynski (AP) test to the stacked voids identified using the large-scale structure galaxy catalog from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). This galaxy catalog is part of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 12 and is the final catalog of SDSS-III. We also use 1000 mock galaxy catalogs that match the geometry, density, and clustering properties of the BOSS sample in order to characterize the statistical uncertainties of our measurements and take into account systematic errors such as redshift space distortions. For both BOSS data and mock catalog…
We reanalyse the anisotropic galaxy clustering measurement from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), demonstrating that using the full shape information provides cosmological constraints that are comparable to other low-redshift probes. We find $Ω_\mathrm{m} = 0.317^{+0.015}_{-0.019}$, $σ_8 = 0.710\pm 0.049$, and $h = 0.704\pm 0.024$ for flat $Λ$CDM cosmologies using uninformative priors on $Ω_\mathrm{c}h^2$, $100θ_\mathrm{MC}$, $\ln 10^{10} A_{s}$, and $n_{s}$, and a prior on $Ω_\mathrm{b}h^2$ that is much wider than current constraints. We quantify the agreement between the Pl…
We report a $5.3σ$ detection of the gravitational lensing effect of cosmic voids from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic (BOSS) Data Release 12 seen in the $Planck$ 2018 cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing convergence map. To make this detection, we introduce new optimal techniques for void stacking and filtering of the CMB maps, such as binning voids by a combination of their observed galaxy density and size to separate those with distinctive lensing signatures. We calibrate theoretical expectations for the void-lensing signal using mock catalogs generated in a suite of 108 full-sky l…
We develop a practical methodology to remove modes from a galaxy survey power spectrum that are associated with systematic errors. We apply this to the BOSS CMASS sample, to see if it removes the excess power previously observed beyond the best-fit $Λ$CDM model on very large scales. We consider several possible sources of data contamination, and check whether they affect the number of targets that can be observed and the power spectrum measurements. We describe a general framework for how such knowledge can be transformed into template fields. Mode subtraction can then be used to remove these …
The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey: Precision measurements of the absolute cosmic distance scale
BOSS，重子振荡光谱巡天，是一项为期5年的计划，旨在测量绝对宇宙距离尺度和膨胀率，在红移z<0.7和z~2.5时具有100级精度。BOSS使用由重子声学振荡（BAO）提供的“标准标尺”。BOSS将在z<0.7时实现接近最佳的BAO尺度测量，并对150万个发光星系进行红移测量。它将开创一种在高红移下测量BAO的新方法，使用LyA森林测量160，000个红移范围为2.1<z<3.0的类星体。在z=0.35、0.6和2.5时，角直径距离dA的预测精度分别为1.0%、1.0%和1.5%，哈勃参数H（z）的预测精度分别为1.8%、1.7%和1.2%。这些测量将对暗能量的性质和空间曲率提供强有力的约束，补充从其他探测器获得的约束。BOSS还将为研究大尺度和小尺度成团、大质量星系的演化以及2.3 < z < 6.5的类星体的光度函数和成团提供极好的数据集。BOSS是组成SDSS-III（斯隆数字巡天III）的四个调查之一，SDSS-III是一个为期6年的计划，将使用2.5米斯隆基金会望远镜上的高度多路复用光谱仪来调查宇宙学参数，银河系的历史和结构，以及巨行星系统的人口。
We present the first model-agnostic analysis of the complete set of Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (BOSS) and -IV (eBOSS) catalogues of luminous red galaxy and quasar clustering in the redshift range $0.2\leq z \leq 2.2$ (10 billion years of cosmic evolution), which consistently includes the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), redshift space distortions (RSD) and the shape of the transfer function signatures, from pre- and post-reconstructed catalogues in Fourier space. This approach complements the standard analyses techniques which only focus on the BAO and RSD signatures, and the full-modelin…
As a large-scale overdensity collapses, it affects the orientation and shape of galaxies that form, by exerting tidal shear along their axes. Therefore, the shapes of elliptical galaxies align with the tidal field of cosmic structures. This intrinsic alignment provides insights into galaxy formation and the primordial universe, complements late-time cosmological probes and constitutes a significant systematic effect for weak gravitational lensing observations. In the present study, we provide constraints on the linear alignment model using a fully Bayesian field-level approach, using galaxy sh…
The BOSS quasar sample is used to study cosmic homogeneity with a 3D survey in the redshift range $2.2<z<2.8$. We measure the count-in-sphere, $N(<\! r)$, i.e. the average number of objects around a given object, and its logarithmic derivative, the fractal correlation dimension, $D_2(r)$. For a homogeneous distribution $N(<\! r) \propto r^3$ and $D_2(r)=3$. Due to the uncertainty on tracer density evolution, 3D surveys can only probe homogeneity up to a redshift dependence, i.e. they probe so-called "spatial isotropy". Our data demonstrate spatial isotropy of the quasar distribution in the red…
We search for a galaxy clustering bias due to a modulation of galaxy number with the baryon-dark matter relative velocity resulting from recombination-era physics. We find no detected signal and place the constraint $b_v < 0.01$ on the relative velocity bias for the CMASS galaxies. This bias is an important potential systematic of Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) method measurements of the cosmic distance scale using the 2-point clustering. Our limit on the relative velocity bias indicates a systematic shift of no more than $0.3\%$ rms in the distance scale inferred from the BAO feature in th…
The traditional clustering analyses of galaxy redshift surveys compress the clustering data into a set of late-time physical variables in a model-independent way. This approach has recently been extended by an additional shape variable encoding early-time physics information. We apply this new technique, ShapeFit, to SDSS-III BOSS data and show that it matches the constraining power of alternative, model-dependent approaches, which directly constrain the model's parameters adopting a cosmological model ab-initio. ShapeFit is $\sim30$ times faster, model-independent, naturally splits early- and…
We measure the void probability function (VPF) of galaxies in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). The VPF provides complementary information to standard two-point statistics in that it is sensitive to galaxy bias in the most extreme underdensities in the cosmic web. Thus the VPF is ideal for testing whether halo occupation of galaxies depends on large-scale density, an effect known as galaxy assembly bias. We find that standard HOD model---one parameterized by halo mass only---fit only to the two-point function, accurately predicts the VPF. Additionally, for HOD models where de…
We present a new method for consistent, joint analysis of the pre- and post-reconstruction two-point functions of the BOSS survey. The post-reconstruction correlation function is used to accurately measure the distance-redshift relation and expansion history, while the pre-reconstruction power spectrum multipoles constrain the broad-band shape and the rate-of-growth of large-scale structure. Our technique uses Lagrangian perturbation theory to self-consistently work at the level of two-point functions, i.e.\ directly with the measured data, without approximating the constraints with summary st…
We present a new measurement of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (kSZ) using Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) and Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) data. Using the `LowZ North/South' galaxy catalogue from BOSS DR12, and the group catalogue from BOSS DR13, we evaluate the mean pairwise kSZ temperature associated with BOSS galaxies. We construct a `Central Galaxies Catalogue' (CGC) which consists of isolated galaxies from the original BOSS data set, and apply the aperture photometry (AP) filter to suppress the primary CMB contribution. By constructing a halo model to fit…
We investigate the impact of different redshift distributions of random samples on the baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) measurements of $D_V(z)r_\mathrm{d}^\mathrm{fid}/r_\mathrm{d}$ from the two-point correlation functions (2PCF) of galaxies in the Data Release 12 (DR12) of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). Big surveys, such as BOSS, usually assign redshifts to the random samples by randomly drawing values from the measured redshift distributions of the data, which would necessarily introduce fiducial signals of fluctuations into the random samples, weakening the signals o…
We investigate the potential sources of theoretical systematics in the anisotropic Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) distance scale measurements from the clustering of galaxies in configuration space using the final Data Release (DR12) of the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). We perform a detailed study of the impact on BAO measurements from choices in the methodology such as fiducial cosmology, clustering estimators, random catalogues, fitting templates, and covariance matrices. The theoretical systematic uncertainties in BAO parameters are found to be 0.002 in the isotropic dil…
We present measurements of the Minkowski functionals extracted from the SDSS-III BOSS catalogs. After defining the Minkowski functionals, we describe how an unbiased reconstruction of these statistics can be obtained from a field with masked regions and survey boundaries, validating our methodology with Gaussian random fields and mock galaxy snapshot data. From the BOSS galaxy data we generate a set of four density fields in three dimensions corresponding to the northern and southern skies of LOWZ and CMASS catalogs, smoothing over large scales such that the field is perturbatively non-Gaussia…
Measurements of intrinsic alignments of galaxy shapes with the large-scale density field, and the inferred intrinsic alignments model parameters, are sensitive to the shape measurement methods used. In this paper we measure the intrinsic alignments of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-III (SDSS-III) Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) LOWZ galaxies using three different shape measurement methods (re-Gaussianization, isophotal, and de Vaucouleurs), identifying a variation in the inferred intrinsic alignments amplitude at the 40% level between these methods, independent of the galaxy lumin…
We measure a combination of gravitational lensing, galaxy clustering, and redshift-space distortions called $E_G$. The quantity $E_G$ probes both parts of metric potential and is insensitive to galaxy bias and $σ_8$. These properties make it an attractive statistic to test $Λ$CDM, General Relativity and its alternate theories. We have combined CMASS DR11 with CFHTLenS and recent measurements of $β$ from RSD analysis, and find $E_G(z = 0.57) = 0.42 \pm 0.056$, an 13\% measurement in agreement with the prediction of general relativity $E_G(z = 0.57) = 0.396 \pm 0.011$ using the Planck 2015 cosmo…
We present constraints on masses of active and sterile neutrinos. We use the one-dimensional Ly$α$-forest power spectrum from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-III) and from the VLT/XSHOOTER legacy survey (XQ-100). In this paper, we present our own measurement of the power spectrum with the publicly released XQ-100 quasar spectra. Fitting Ly$α$ data alone leads to cosmological parameters in excellent agreement with the values derived independently from Planck 2015 Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data. Combining BOSS and XQ-100 Ly$α$ powe…
The Manticore Project II: Bayesian digital twins of cosmic structure across the SDSS and BOSS volumes
The Oskar Klein Centre, Department of Physics, Stockholm University（斯德哥尔摩大学）；CNRS & Sorbonne Université, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris (IAP)（法国国家科学研究中心与索邦大学，巴黎天体物理研究所）；Astrophysics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London（帝国理工学院）；Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute（平井研究所）
使用 BORG 算法联合约束五个星系红移巡天，通过贝叶斯场级推断重建高分辨率宇宙大尺度结构，并利用 CMB 透镜和 kSZ 效应验证物理保真度。
We report novel cosmological constraints obtained from cosmic voids in the final BOSS DR12 dataset. They arise from the joint analysis of geometric and dynamic distortions of average void shapes (i.e., the stacked void-galaxy cross-correlation function) in redshift space. Our model uses tomographic deprojection to infer real-space void profiles and self-consistently accounts for the Alcock-Paczynski (AP) effect and redshift-space distortions (RSD) without any prior assumptions on cosmology or structure formation. It is derived from first physical principles and provides an extremely good descr…
Parity-violating physics in the early Universe can leave detectable traces in late-time observables. Whilst vector- and tensor-type parity-violation can be observed in the $B$-modes of the cosmic microwave background, scalar-type signatures are visible only in the four-point correlation function (4PCF) and beyond. This work presents a blind test for parity-violation in the 4PCF of the BOSS CMASS sample, considering galaxy separations in the range $[20,160]h^{-1}\mathrm{Mpc}$. The parity-odd 4PCF contains no contributions from standard $Λ$CDM physics and can be efficiently measured using recent…
We use the BOSS DR12 galaxy power spectrum to constrain compensated isocurvature perturbations (CIP), which are opposite-sign primordial baryon and dark matter perturbations that leave the total matter density unchanged. Long-wavelength CIP $σ(\vec{x})$ enter the galaxy density contrast as $δ_g(\vec{x}) \supset b_σσ(\vec{x})$, with $b_σ$ the linear CIP galaxy bias parameter. We parameterize the CIP spectra as $P_{σσ} = A^2P_{\mathcal{R}\mathcal{R}}$ and $P_{σ\mathcal{R}} = ξ\sqrt{P_{σσ}P_{\mathcal{R}\mathcal{R}}}$, where $A$ is the CIP amplitude and $ξ$ is the correlation with the curvature pe…
We construct cosmic microwave background lensing mass maps using data from the 2014 and 2015 seasons of observations with the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). These maps cover 2100 square degrees of sky and overlap with a wide variety of optical surveys. The maps are signal dominated on large scales and have fidelity such that their correlation with the cosmic infrared background is clearly visible by eye. We also create lensing maps with thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich contamination removed using a novel cleaning procedure that only slightly degrades the lensing signal-to-noise ratio. The cross-…
High-density cores (HDCs) of galaxy superclusters that embed rich clusters and groups of galaxies are the earliest large objects to form in the cosmic web, and the largest objects that may collapse in the present or future. We study the dynamical state and possible evolution of the HDCs in the BOSS Great Wall (BGW) superclusters at redshift $z \approx 0.5$ in order to understand the growth and evolution of structures in the Universe. We derived the density contrast values for the spherical collapse model in a wide range of redshifts and used these values to study the dynamical state and possib…
The physics of gravity on cosmological scales affects both the rate of assembly of large-scale structure, and the gravitational lensing of background light through this cosmic web. By comparing the amplitude of these different observational signatures, we can construct tests that can distinguish general relativity from its potential modifications. We used the latest weak gravitational lensing dataset from the Kilo-Degree Survey, KiDS-1000, in conjunction with overlapping galaxy spectroscopic redshift surveys BOSS and 2dFLenS, to perform the most precise existing amplitude-ratio test. We measur…
We report the discovery of 13 confirmed two-image quasar lenses from a systematic search for gravitationally lensed quasars in the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). We adopted a methodology similar to that used in the SDSS Quasar Lens Search (SQLS). In addition to the confirmed lenses, we report 11 quasar pairs with small angular separations ($\lesssim$2") confirmed from our spectroscopy, which are either projected pairs, physical binaries, or possibly quasar lens systems whose lens galaxies have not yet been detected. The newly discovered quasar lens system, SDSS J1452+…
Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAOs) in the early Universe are predicted to leave an as yet undetected signature on the relative clustering of total mass versus luminous matter. A detection of this effect would provide an important confirmation of the standard cosmological paradigm and constrain alternatives to dark matter as well as non-standard fluctuations such as Compensated Isocurvature Perturbations (CIPs). We conduct the first observational search for this effect, by comparing the number-weighted and luminosity-weighted correlation functions, using the SDSS-III BOSS Data Release 10 CMASS…
We reproduce the galaxy clustering catalogue from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey Final Data Release (BOSS DR11&DR12) with high fidelity on all relevant scales in order to allow a robust analysis of baryon acoustic oscillations and redshift space distortions. We have generated (6,000) 12,288 MultiDark PATCHY BOSS (DR11) DR12 light-cones corresponding to an effective volume of $\sim192,000\,[h^{-1}\,{\rm Gpc}]^3$ (the largest ever simulated volume), including cosmic evolution in the redshift range from 0.15 to 0.75. The mocks have been calibrated using a reference galaxy ca…
Cosmic Web Reconstruction through Density Ridges: Method and Algorithm
对宇宙网中的结构的检测和表征使宇宙学家能够限制决定宇宙演化的参数。虽然已经提出了许多细丝估计，但它们通常缺乏对不确定性的估计，从而降低了它们的推理能力。在本文中，我们演示了如何应用子空间约束均值漂移（SCMS）算法（Ozertem和Erdogmus（2011）; Genovese等人。（2012））来揭示星系数据中的结构。SCMS算法是一种梯度上升方法，它将细丝建模为密度脊，一维平滑曲线跟踪点云中的高密度区域。我们还演示了如何增强SCMS算法与基于引导的方法的不确定性估计允许一个假定的灯丝周围放置不确定性带。我们应用SCMS方法从P3 M N-体模拟采样的数据集，与SDSS和WFIRST-AFTA一致的星系数密度和从重子振荡光谱调查（BOSS）的LOWZ和CMASS数据。为了进一步评估SCMS的有效性，我们比较了BOSS细丝与redMapPer目录中星系团的相对位置，发现redMapPer星系团与SCMS检测到的细丝比随机选择的星系更接近（p值$< 10^{-9}$）。
NERV: Neural-network Enhanced Reconstruction of the UniVerse with Application to Baryon Acoustic Oscillations in the BOSS DR12 Galaxy Sample
University of Wisconsin-Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）；National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Academia Sinica（中央研究院）；Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics（加拿大理论天体物理研究所）；Canadian Institute for Advanced Research（加拿大高级研究所）；Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto（多伦多大学邓普勒天文学与天体物理研究所）；Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics（珀尔默特理论物理研究所）
The aim of this study is to distinguish genuine cosmic voids, found in a galaxy catalog by the void finder ZOBOV-VIDE, from under-dense regions in a Poisson distribution of objects. For this purpose, we perform two multivariate analyses using the following physical void characteristics: volume, redshift, density contrast, minimum density, contrast significance and number of member galaxies of the void. The multivariate analyses are trained on a catalog of voids obtained from a random Poisson distribution of points, used as background, and a catalog of voids identified in a mock galaxy catalog,…
We apply the methodology developed in \cite{Li2014,Li2015} to BOSS DR12 galaxies and derive cosmological constraints from the redshift dependence of the Alcock-Paczynski (AP) effect. The apparent anisotropy in the distribution of observed galaxies arise from two main sources, the redshift-space distortion (RSD) effect due to the galaxy peculiar velocities, and the geometric distortion when incorrect cosmological models are assumed for transforming redshift to comoving distance, known as the AP effect. Anisotropies produced by the RSD effect are, although large, maintaining a nearly uniform mag…
We present a public suite of weak lensing mock data, extending the Scinet Light Cone Simulations (SLICS) to simulate cross-correlation analyses with different cosmological probes. These mocks include KiDS-450- and LSST-like lensing data, cosmic microwave background lensing maps and simulated spectroscopic surveys that emulate the GAMA, BOSS and 2dFLenS galaxy surveys. With 844 independent realisations, our mocks are optimised for combined-probe covariance estimation, which we illustrate for the case of a joint measurement involving cosmic shear, galaxy-galaxy lensing and galaxy clustering from…
Search for primordial non-Gaussianity in the quasars of SDSS-III BOSS DR9
我们分析了由斯隆数字巡天（SDSS）-III重子振荡光谱巡天（BOSS）观测到的红移2.2 < z < 2.9之间的22，361个类星体的聚类，这些数据包含在第九次数据发布（DR 9）中。用ΛCDM模型拟合聚类结果，计算出类星体样本的线性偏差b=3.74 \pm 0.12。偏差的测量值与White等人（2012）的发现一致，他们分析了几乎相同的类星体样本，尽管只是在s<40 Mpc/h的范围内。在大尺度上，我们观察到聚类关联函数中的过量或平台。通过拟合一个模型，该模型在由局部类型的原始非高斯性引入的偏差中引入了尺度依赖的附加项，我们计算出在95%置信水平下与高斯初始条件的偏差的幅度为70<f_NL< 190。根据Ross et al.（2011）、Ho et al.（2012）和Ross et al.（2011，2012 b）的方法对系统学样本进行校正，两种方法测量的fNL值一致。最后，我们使用跨红移切片的互相关来测试校正后的样本是否存在任何剩余的未知系统学来源，但结果没有显示任何此类进一步的错误。我们认为，在使用Ross等人的权重方法校正样本后，在95%置信度下，46<f_NL< 158是局部类型的非高斯性的最终结果。（2011，2012 b）。这些结果是一致的，从其他LSS调查的非高斯性与以前的严格限制，但在紧张与CMB的最新结果。
We present cosmological parameter constraints based on a joint modeling of galaxy-lensing cross correlations and galaxy clustering measurements in the SDSS, marginalizing over small-scale modeling uncertainties using mock galaxy catalogs, without explicit modeling of galaxy bias. We show that our modeling method is robust to the impact of different choices for how galaxies occupy dark matter halos and to the impact of baryonic physics (at the $\sim2\%$ level in cosmological parameters) and test for the impact of covariance on the likelihood analysis and of the survey window function on the the…
We present cosmological parameter measurements from the publicly available Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) data on anisotropic galaxy clustering in Fourier space. Compared to previous studies, our analysis has two main novel features. First, we use a complete perturbation theory model that properly takes into account the non-linear effects of dark matter clustering, short-scale physics, galaxy bias, redshift-space distortions, and large-scale bulk flows. Second, we employ a Markov-Chain Monte-Carlo technique and consistently reevaluate the full power spectrum likelihood as we sc…
The Integrated Sachs-Wolfe Signal from BOSS Super-Structures
宇宙结构通过综合的萨克斯-沃尔夫效应在微波背景辐射上留下印记。我们使用SDSS-III重子声学振荡巡天在红移0.43 < z < 0.65处构造了线性信号的模板图。我们在97%的置信水平下验证了这张图在普朗克CMB温度图上的印记，并与密度-温度互相关测量结果一致。使用这个ISW重建作为模板，我们调查的存在下，ISW源，并进一步研究的Granett-Neyrinck-Szapudi超空和超星系团目录的属性。我们首次对这些结构的三维密度分布进行了研究，并证明它们是重要的结构。模型拟合表明，超空是沿着视线拉长，我们建议，这种特殊的取向可以挑选出来的光度红移空间中的空洞发现算法。我们从公开的空洞和星团星表中测量了普朗克图中的平均温度分布。在试图最大限度地堆叠ISW信号，我们构建了一个新的目录的超级结构的基础上，当地的高峰和低谷的引力势。然而，我们没有发现这些结构和CMB温度之间的显着相关性。
