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arXiv 1909.06103gr-qcastro-ph.HE
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Schwarzschild时空中边缘束缚缩放涡旋轨道的自作用力效应

Self-force effects on the marginally bound zoom-whirl orbit in Schwarzschild spacetime

Leor Barack, Marta Colleoni, Thibault Damour, Soichiro Isoyama, Norichika Sago

摘要:

对于质量为$M$的Schwarzchild黑洞,我们考虑一个测试粒子从无穷远处的静止轨道上落下,并在最后时刻被困在半径为$r=4GM/c^2$的不稳定圆轨道上.当粒子被赋予一个小质量$μ\ll M$时,它经历一个有效的引力自作用力,其保守部分使角动量的临界值和渐近圆轨道的频率远离它们的测地线值。通过直接积分沿轨道的自作用力(忽略辐射耗散),我们数值计算这些移位到$O(μ/M)$。我们的数值被发现是在协议内的有效的一体形式主义的第一次作出的估计,并与预测的第一定律的黑洞二元力学(适用于渐近圆轨道)。我们的计算是基于Lorenz规范扰动方程的时域积分,这是第一个这样的计算为一个未绑定的轨道。我们解决了几个技术难题,具体到未绑定的轨道,说明这些可能会被处理在更一般的情况下,未绑定的运动。我们的方法铺平了道路,沿双曲线型散射轨道的自作用力的计算。这样的轨道可以探测到“光环”的两体势,因此可以为合并双星的有效单体模型中的偏心率依赖项提供强场校准数据。

英文摘要:

For a Schwarzchild black hole of mass $M$, we consider a test particle falling from rest at infinity and becoming trapped, at late time, on the unstable circular orbit of radius $r=4GM/c^2$. When the particle is endowed with a small mass, $μ\ll M$, it experiences an effective gravitational self-force, whose conservative piece shifts the critical value of the angular momentum and the frequency of the asymptotic circular orbit away from their geodesic values. By directly integrating the self-force along the orbit (ignoring radiative dissipation), we numerically calculate these shifts to $O(μ/M)$. Our numerical values are found to be in agreement with estimates first made within the Effective One Body formalism, and with predictions of the first law of black-hole-binary mechanics (as applied to the asymptotic circular orbit). Our calculation is based on a time-domain integration of the Lorenz-gauge perturbation equations, and it is a first such calculation for an unbound orbit. We tackle several technical difficulties specific to unbound orbits, illustrating how these may be handled in more general cases of unbound motion. Our method paves the way to calculations of the self-force along hyperbolic-type scattering orbits. Such orbits can probe the two-body potential down to the "light ring", and could thus supply strong-field calibration data for eccentricity-dependent terms in the Effective One Body model of merging binaries.

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