用量子模拟器测量含时密度的三种方法的比较
A comparison of three ways to measure time-dependent densities with quantum simulators
摘要：
量子算法被吹捧为解决一些经典难题的一种方法，比如量子力学的模拟。在所有量子算法的最后是一个量子测量，从而提取和利用经典数据。事实上，许多现代混合经典方法本质上是对状态的量子测量，具有简短的量子线路描述。在这里，我们比较和研究三种方法提取的时间依赖的单粒子概率密度从量子模拟：直接$Z$测量，贝叶斯相位估计和谐波反演。我们已经测试了这些方法的背景下，潜在的反演问题的时间依赖的密度泛函理论。我们的测试结果表明，直接测量是较好的方法。我们还强调了其他两种方法可能有用的领域，并报告了使用Rigetti量子虚拟设备的测试。这项研究为即将到来的量子计算应用提供了一个起点。
英文摘要：
Quantum algorithms are touted as a way around some classically intractable problems such as the simulation of quantum mechanics. At the end of all quantum algorithms is a quantum measurement whereby classical data is extracted and utilized. In fact, many of the modern hybrid-classical approaches are essentially quantum measurements of states with short quantum circuit descriptions. Here, we compare and examine three methods of extracting the time-dependent one-particle probability density from a quantum simulation: direct $Z$-measurement, Bayesian phase estimation and harmonic inversion. We have tested these methods in the context of the potential inversion problem of time-dependent density functional theory. Our test results suggest that direct measurement is the preferable method. We also highlight areas where the other two methods may be useful and report on tests using Rigetti's quantum virtual device. This study provides a starting point for imminent applications of quantum computing.
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