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arXiv 1909.01565astro-ph.GAastro-ph.SR
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束缚星团是如何形成的?

How do bound star clusters form?

Mark R. Krumholz, Christopher F. McKee

摘要:

在银河系和类似的螺旋星系中,在气体被移除后幸存下来的引力束缚星系团代表了一种不寻常的恒星形成模式。在形成过程中,它们的高密度、维里化的速度结构和加速到现在的恒星形成历史可以从观测上与未束缚的恒星形成区分开来,但在过去延长了多个自由落体时间。在本文中,我们研究了几个拟议的方案,这种结构可能会形成和演变,并进行贝叶斯分析,以测试这些模型对观察到的分布的原恒星年龄,计数的年轻恒星物体相对于气体,和银河系的整体恒星形成率。我们发现,模型中的恒星形成的加速是由于大规模的崩溃或随时间变化的恒星形成效率的增加是无法满足的组合观测约束。相比之下,星系团以“传送带”模式形成的模型,其中气体吸积和恒星形成同时发生,但每个自由落体时间的恒星形成率很低,可以与观测结果相匹配。

英文摘要:

Gravitationally-bound clusters that survive gas removal represent an unusual mode of star formation in the Milky Way and similar spiral galaxies. While forming, they can be distinguished observationally from unbound star formation by their high densities, virialised velocity structures, and star formation histories that accelerate toward the present, but extend multiple free-fall times into the past. In this paper we examine several proposed scenarios for how such structures might form and evolve, and carry out a Bayesian analysis to test these models against observed distributions of protostellar age, counts of young stellar objects relative to gas, and the overall star formation rate of the Milky Way. We show that models in which the acceleration of star formation is due either to a large-scale collapse or a time-dependent increase in star formation efficiency are unable to satisfy the combined set of observational constraints. In contrast, models in which clusters form in a "conveyor belt" mode where gas accretion and star formation occur simultaneously, but the star formation rate per free-fall time is low, can match the observations.

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