通过时间和空间频率复用在5THz帧速率下实现非重复动态场景的显微成像
Microscopic imaging of non-repetitive dynamic scenes at 5 THz frame rates by time and spatial frequency multiplexing
摘要：
飞秒尺度的超快成像是分子生物学、物理化学、原子物理学和流体动力学中超快动力学可视化的重要工具。泵浦探测成像和条纹相机是最广泛使用的技术，但它们要么要求重复相同的场景，要么牺牲成像维度的数量。近年来发展了许多有趣的单次超快成像技术，用于记录非重复的动态场景。然而，在帧的数量、图像像素的数量或空间/时间分辨率方面仍然存在弱点。在这里，我们提出了一个单次拍摄的超快显微镜，可以捕获十几帧的时间与帧速率为5太赫兹。我们结合了一个空间光调制器和一个定制的梯队有效地产生大量的参考脉冲与设计的时间延迟和传播角度。这些参考脉冲与采样脉冲之间的干涉图像的单次拍摄记录允许我们在参考脉冲的定时处检索动态场景的频闪图像。我们演示了一次记录14个时间快照，这是迄今为止最大的，具有由激光输出脉冲设置的最佳时间分辨率。我们的超快显微镜在帧数和时间分辨率方面具有高度可扩展性，这将对揭示尚未探索的有趣时空动态产生深远影响。
英文摘要：
Femtosecond-scale ultrafast imaging is an essential tool for visualizing ultrafast dynamics in molecular biology, physical chemistry, atomic physics, and fluid dynamics. Pump-probe imaging and a streak camera are the most widely used techniques, but they are either demanding the repetitions of the same scene or sacrificing the number of imaging dimensions. Many interesting single-shot ultrafast imaging techniques have been developed in recent years for recording non-repetitive dynamic scenes. Nevertheless, there are still weaknesses in the number of frames, the number of image pixels, or spatial/temporal resolution. Here, we present a single-shot ultrafast microscopy that can capture more than a dozen frames at a time with the frame rate of 5 THz. We combine a spatial light modulator and a custom-made echelon for efficiently generating a large number of reference pulses with designed time delays and propagation angles. The single-shot recording of the interference image between these reference pulses with a sample pulse allows us to retrieve the stroboscopic images of the dynamic scene at the timing of the reference pulses. We demonstrated the recording of 14 temporal snapshots at a time, which is the largest to date, with the optimal temporal resolution set by the laser output pulse. Our ultrafast microscopy is highly scalable in the number of frames and temporal resolutions, and this will have profound impacts on uncovering the interesting spatio-temporal dynamics yet to be explored.
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