开放量子系统中的时间结晶性
Time crystallinity in open quantum systems
摘要：
时间晶体是打破时间平移对称性的物质的真正非平衡量子相。虽然在非平衡封闭系统中时间晶体已经在实验中实现，但当系统与环境耦合时，这种相是否存在仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。虽然在某些情况下，由耦合到浴槽引起的耗散可以稳定时间晶体，但非相干噪声的引入也可能破坏时间晶体顺序。因此，在开放和封闭系统中稳定时间晶体的机制不一定相同。在这里，我们提出了一种方法来识别一个开放系统的时间晶体基于一个单一的对象：Floquet传播。武装这样一个描述，我们显示在一个明确的短程相互作用的开放系统的时间结晶行为，并证明衰变过程的性质的关键作用。
英文摘要：
Time crystals are genuinely non-equilibrium quantum phases of matter that break time-translational symmetry. While in non-equilibrium closed systems time crystals have been experimentally realized, it remains an open question whether or not such a phase survives when systems are coupled to an environment. Although dissipation caused by the coupling to a bath may stabilize time crystals in some regimes, the introduction of incoherent noise may also destroy the time crystalline order. Therefore, the mechanisms that stabilize a time crystal in open and closed systems are not necessarily the same. Here, we propose a way to identify an open system time crystal based on a single object: the Floquet propagator. Armed with such a description we show time-crystalline behavior in an explicitly short-range interacting open system and demonstrate the crucial role of the nature of the decay processes.
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