脑机接口的N400：复杂性和机遇
The N400 for Brain Computer Interfacing: complexities and opportunities
摘要：
N400是一种事件相关电位，是对概念上有意义的刺激的反应。例如，它对句子中不一致的词的反应比对一致的词的反应更消极，对主要词后面的不相关词的反应比相关词的反应更消极。这种对与个体的心理背景相关的刺激的语义内容的敏感性使其成为脑机接口感兴趣的信号。鉴于这种潜力，值得注意的是，利用N400的BCI文献是有限的。我们确定了三个现有的应用领域：（1）利用面部的语义处理来提高矩阵拼写性能，（2）检测意识障碍患者的语言处理，以及（3）使用语义刺激来探测用户的想法。从这些应用领域的研究，我们说明，N400可以成功地利用BCI的目的，但信噪比是一个限制因素，信号强度也有很大的不同科目。此外，我们将研究结果放在一般N400文献的背景下，注意到开放性问题并确定进一步研究的机会。
英文摘要：
The N400 is an Event Related Potential that is evoked in response to conceptually meaningful stimuli. It is for instance more negative in response to incongruent than congruent words in a sentence, and more negative for unrelated than related words following a prime word. This sensitivity to semantic content of a stimulus in relation to the mental context of an individual makes it a signal of interest for Brain Computer Interfaces. Given this potential it is notable that the BCI literature exploiting the N400 is limited. We identify three existing application areas: (1) exploiting the semantic processing of faces to enhance matrix speller performance, (2) detecting language processing in patients with Disorders of Consciousness, and (3) using semantic stimuli to probe what is on a user's mind. Drawing on studies from these application areas, we illustrate that the N400 can successfully be exploited for BCI purposes, but that the signal-to-noise ratio is a limiting factor, with signal strength also varying strongly across subjects. Furthermore, we put findings in context of the general N400 literature, noting open questions and identifying opportunities for further research.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
