Long-baseline horizontal radio-frequency transmission through polar ice

极地冰层的季节性变化：对超高能中微子探测器的意义

Seasonal Variation of Polar Ice: Implications for Ultrahigh Energy Neutrino Detectors

极地冰层季节性密度变化会影响中微子探测器的信号接收，导致能量和方向重建的不确定性。

Probing the angular and polarization reconstruction of the ARIANNA detector at the South Pole

The sources of ultra-high energy (UHE) cosmic rays, which can have energies up to 10^20 eV, remain a mystery. UHE neutrinos may provide important clues to understanding the nature of cosmic-ray sources. ARIANNA aims to detect UHE neutrinos via radio (Askaryan) emission from particle showers when a neutrino interacts with ice, which is an efficient method for neutrinos with energies between 10^16 eV and 10^20 eV. The ARIANNA radio detectors are located in Antarctic ice just beneath the surface. Neutrino observation requires that radio pulses propagate to the antennas at the surface with minimum…

Measurements and Modeling of Near-Surface Radio Propagation in Glacial Ice and Implications for Neutrino Experiments

We present measurements of radio transmission in the $\sim$100 MHz range through a $\sim100$ m deep region below the surface of the ice at Summit Station, Greenland, called the firn. In the firn, the index of refraction changes due to the transition from snow at the surface to glacial ice below, affecting the propagation of radio signals in that region. We compare our observations to a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) electromagnetic wave simulation, which supports the existence of three classes of propagation: a bulk propagation ray-bending mode that leads to so-called "shadowed" regions …

Measurements of tropospheric ice clouds with a ground-based CMB polarization experiment, POLARBEAR

The polarization of the atmosphere has been a long-standing concern for ground-based experiments targeting cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization. Ice crystals in upper tropospheric clouds scatter thermal radiation from the ground and produce a horizontally-polarized signal. We report the detailed analysis of the cloud signal using a ground-based CMB experiment, POLARBEAR, located at the Atacama desert in Chile and observing at 150 GHz. We observe horizontally-polarized temporal increases of low-frequency fluctuations ("polarized bursts," hereafter) of $\lesssim$0.1 K when clouds appea…

冰内 Askaryan 无线电探测器观测到的空气与冰中宇宙线级联射电信号模拟

Simulation of radio signals from cosmic-ray cascades in air and ice as observed by in-ice Askaryan radio detectors

本文提出结合 CoREAS 与 GEANT4 的蒙特卡洛框架，模拟宇宙线大气簇射进入冰盖后的无线电发射，以评估中微子探测器本底与校准信号。

First-principle calculation of birefringence effects for in-ice radio detection of neutrinos

The detection of high-energy neutrinos in the EeV range requires new detection techniques to cope with the small expected flux. The radio detection method, utilizing Askaryan emission, can be used to detect these neutrinos in polar ice. The propagation of the radio pulses has to be modeled carefully to reconstruct the energy, direction, and flavor of the neutrino from the detected radio flashes. Here, we study the effect of birefringence in ice, which splits up the radio pulse into two orthogonal polarization components with slightly different propagation speeds. This provides useful signature…

利用完整阿斯卡里安射电阵列进行综合弥散中微子搜索

A Comprehensive Diffuse Neutrino Search Using the Full Askaryan Radio Array

利用阿斯卡里安射电阵列进行弥散超高能中微子搜索，通过全面分析提升对高能中微子通量的探测能力。

A prototype station for ARIANNA: a detector for cosmic neutrinos

The Antarctic Ross Iceshelf Antenna Neutrino Array (ARIANNA) is a proposed detector for ultra-high energy astrophysical neutrinos. It will detect coherent radio Cherenkov emission from the particle showers produced by neutrinos with energies above about 10^17 eV. ARIANNA will be built on the Ross Ice Shelf just off the coast of Antarctica, where it will eventually cover about 900 km^2 in surface area. There, the ice-water interface below the shelf reflects radio waves, giving ARIANNA sensitivity to downward going neutrinos and improving its sensitivity to horizontally incident neutrinos. ARIAN…