电网的非均匀性增强了随机功率输入下频率波动的非高斯特性
Heterogeneities in electricity grids strongly enhance non-Gaussian features of frequency fluctuations under stochastic power input
摘要：
在现代电网中，波动的可再生能源的随机馈入稳步增加，这成为维持电网稳定的重要风险因素。在这里，我们研究的影响，风电馈入的电力系统中的短期频率波动的基础上，IEEE测试网格结构，摆动方程的电压相位角的动态，和一系列的实测风速数据。外部控制措施通过在一分钟的时间尺度上将电网状态调整到平均功率馈入来说明。通过将测试电网中的一个传统发电机节点替换为风电场，在单个节点注入风电。我们确定了大量的一分钟的风速序列从测量数据和不同的注入节点的局部频率的直方图。这些直方图表现出一种常见的形状，可以用小频率的高斯分布和接近指数衰减的尾部来描述。非高斯特征对于在与主电网结构弱连接的位置处的风力注入变得特别明显。这种效应仅在考虑传输线和网格节点特性的不均匀性时才存在，而在考虑这些特性时则消失。频率波动的标准偏差随平均注入风功率线性增加。
英文摘要：
Stochastic feed-in of fluctuating renewable energies is steadily increasing in modern electricity grids and this becomes an important risk factor for maintaining power grid stability. Here we study the impact of wind power feed-in on the short-term frequency fluctuations in power grids based on an IEEE test grid structure, the swing equation for the dynamics of voltage phase angles, and a series of measured wind speed data. External control measures are accounted for by adjusting the grid state to the average power feed-in on a time scale of one minute. The wind power is injected at a single node by replacing one of the conventional generator nodes in the test grid by a wind farm. We determine histograms of local frequencies for a large number of one-minute wind speed sequences taken from the measured data and for different injection nodes. These histograms exhibit a common type of shape, which can be described by a Gaussian distribution for small frequencies and a nearly exponentially decaying tail part. Non-Gaussian features become particularly pronounced for wind power injection at locations, which are weakly connected to the main grid structure. This effect is only present when taking into account the heterogeneities in transmission line and node properties of the grid, while it disappears upon homogenizing of these features. The standard deviation of the frequency fluctuations increases linearly with the average injected wind power.
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