中微子探测器作为核安全工具
Neutrino Detectors as Tools for Nuclear Security
摘要：
40多年来，物理学家一直在考虑中微子探测器在核不扩散、军备控制和裂变材料安全方面的可能用途。中微子是一种有吸引力的裂变信号，因为它们很容易穿过物质。同样的性质使得中微子在核安全应用的实际系统中探测具有挑战性。本次研讨会提出了几个潜在的中微子应用，包括近场监测已知的反应堆，远场监测已知的或未申报的反应堆的发现，反应堆废物流的检测，以及核爆炸的检测的广泛概述。我们的结论是，最近的探测器的进步，近场监测可行。在某些情况下，随着进一步的研究和开发，远场反应堆探测和废物流探测监测是可能的。由于相当大的物理和/或实际限制，在可预见的未来，极远距离反应堆监测和核爆炸探测似乎不可行。
英文摘要：
For over 40 years, physicists have considered possible uses for neutrino detectors in nuclear nonproliferation, arms control, and fissile materials security. Neutrinos are an attractive fission signature because they readily pass through matter. The same property makes neutrinos challenging to detect in systems that would be practical for nuclear security applications. This colloquium presents a broad overview of several potential neutrino applications, including the near-field monitoring of known reactors, far-field monitoring of known or discovery of undeclared reactors, detection of reactor waste streams, and detection of nuclear explosions. We conclude that recent detector advances have made near-field monitoring feasible. Farther-field reactor detection and waste stream detection monitoring are possible in some cases with further research and development. Very long-range reactor monitoring and nuclear explosion detection do not appear feasible for the foreseeable future due to considerable physical and/or practical constraints.
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