Additive manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, is an emerging manufacturing technology that is expected to have far-reaching socioeconomic, environmental, and geopolitical implications. As the use of this technology increases, the need for validation of 3D designs grows. In order to create a marketplace in which 3D designs are traded, it is necessary to develop a platform that enables the attestation of the 3D designs and promotes truthfulness. In this paper, we introduce a novel concept of a distributed marketplace that will support the attestation of 3D printing designs. We build a mathematical trust model that ensures truthfulness among rational, selfish, and independent agents, which is based on a reward/penalty system. The payment for participating in the evaluation is calculated by factoring in agents' reputation and peer feedback. Moreover, we describe the architecture and the implementation of the trust model on blockchain using smart contracts for the creation of a distributed marketplace. Our model relies both on theoretical and practical best practices to create an unique platform that elicit effort and truthfulness from the participants.
If blockchain networks are to become the building blocks of the infrastructure for the future digital economy, then several challenges related to the resiliency and survivability of blockchain networks need to be addressed. The survivability of a blockchain network is influenced by the diversity of its nodes. Trustworthy device-level attestations permits nodes in a blockchain network to provide truthful evidence regarding their current configuration, operational state, keying material and other system attributes. In the current work we review the recent developments towards a standard attestat…
Data is of unprecedented importance today. The most valuable companies of today treat data as a commodity, which they trade and earn revenues. To facilitate such trading, data marketplaces have emerged. Present data marketplaces are inadequate as they fail to satisfy all the desirable properties - fairness, efficiency, security, privacy and adherence to regulations. In this article, we propose a blockchain enabled data marketplace solution that fulfills all required properties. We outline the design, show how to design such a system and discuss the challenges in building a complete data market…
The Covid-19 pandemic has made individuals and organizations to rethink the way of handling identity verification and credentials sharing particularly in quarantined situations. In this study, we investigate the inefficiencies of traditional identity systems, and discuss how a proper implementation of Blockchain technology would result in safer, more secure, privacy respecting and remote friendly identity systems. As a result, we propose a Blockchain based framework for digital identity verification, record attestation and record sharing, and we explain the framework in details with certain us…
The first generation of blockchain focused on digital currencies and secure storage, management and transfer of tokenized values. Thereafter, the focus has been shifting from currencies to a broader application space. In this paper, we systematically explore marketplace types and properties, and consider the mechanisms required to support those properties through blockchain. We propose a generic and configurable framework for blockchain-based marketplaces, and describe how popular marketplace types, price discovery policies, and other configuration parameters are implemented within the framewo…
ML-as-a-service (MLaaS) becomes increasingly popular and revolutionizes the lives of people. A natural requirement for MLaaS is, however, to provide highly accurate prediction services. To achieve this, current MLaaS systems integrate and combine multiple well-trained models in their services. Yet, in reality, there is no easy way for MLaaS providers, especially for startups, to collect sufficiently well-trained models from individual developers, due to the lack of incentives. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap by building up a model marketplace, called as Golden Grain, to facilitate model…
Today, Internet of Things (IoT) devices are the powerhouse of data generation with their ever-increasing numbers and widespread penetration. Similarly, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) solutions are getting integrated to all kinds of services, making products significantly more "smarter". The centerpiece of these technologies is "data". IoT device vendors should be able keep up with the increased throughput and come up with new business models. On the other hand, AI/ML solutions will produce better results if training data is diverse and plentiful. In this paper, we propo…
Content sharing platforms such as Youtube and Vimeo have promoted pay per view models for artists to monetize their content. Yet, artists remain at the mercy of centralized platforms that control content listing and advertisement, with little transparency and fairness in terms of number of views or revenue. On the other hand, consumers are distanced from the publishers and cannot authenticate originality of the content. In this paper, we develop a reliable and fair platform for content sharing without a central facilitator. The platform is built as a decentralized data storage layer to store a…
Quartierstrom creates a peer-to-peer marketplace for locally generated solar power. The marketplace is implemented as a smart contract on a permissioned blockchain governed by all prosumers. Two privacy-by-design concepts are presented which guarantee that the users individual load profile is not leaked to any third party despite using a blockchain. The first approach leverages UTXO based coin mixing protocols in combination with an account-based on-chain smart contract. The second approach relies on an off-chain smart contract running in trusted execution environments.
Our aim is for Wibson to be a blockchain-based, decentralized data marketplace that provides individuals a way to securely and anonymously sell information in a trusted environment. The combination of the Wibson token and blockchain-enabled smart contracts hopes to allow Data Sellers and Data Buyers to transact with each other directly while providing individuals the ability to maintain anonymity as desired. Wibson intends that its data marketplace will provide infrastructure and financial incentives for individuals to securely sell personal information without sacrificing personal privacy. Da…
SRM Institute Of Science And Technology（SRM科学技术研究所）
A knowledge market can be described as a type of market where there is a consistent supply of data to satisfy the demand for information and is responsible for the mapping of potential problem solvers with the entities which need these solutions. It is possible to define them as value-exchange systems in which the dynamic features of the creation and exchange of intellectual assets serve as the fundamental drivers of the frequency, nature, and outcomes of interactions among various stakeholders. Furthermore, the provision of financial backing for research is an essential component in the proce…
Decentralized marketplace applications demand fast, cheap and easy-to-use cryptocurrency payment mechanisms to facilitate high transaction volumes. The standard solution for off-chain payments, state channels, are optimized for frequent transactions between two entities and impose prohibitive liquidity and capital requirements on payment senders for marketplace transactions. We propose PayPlace, a scalable off-chain protocol for payments between consumers and sellers. Using PayPlace, consumers establish a virtual unidirectional payment channel with an intermediary operator to pay for their tra…
Many classical blockchains are known to have an embarrassingly low transaction throughput, down to Bitcoin's notorious seven transactions per second limit.Various proposals and implementations for increasing throughput emerged in the first decade of blockchain research. But how much concurrency is possible? In their early days, blockchains were mostly used for simple transfers from user to user. More recently, however, decentralized finance (DeFi) and NFT marketplaces have completely changed what is happening on blockchains. Both are built using smart contracts and have gained significant popu…
Blockchain technology has been envisaged to commence an era of decentralised applications and services (DApps) without the need for a trusted intermediary. Such DApps open a marketplace in which services are delivered to end-users by contributors which are then incentivised by cryptocurrencies in an automated, peer-to-peer, and trustless fashion. However, blockchain, consolidated by smart contracts, only ensures on-chain data security, autonomy and integrity of the business logic execution defined in smart contracts. It cannot guarantee the quality of service of DApps, which entirely depends o…
While online interactions and exchanges have grown exponentially over the past decade, most commercial infrastructures still operate through centralized protocols, and their success essentially depends on trust between different economic actors. Digital advances such as blockchain technology has led to a massive wave of \textit{Decentralized Ledger Technology} (\textit{DLT}) initiatives, protocols and solutions. This advance makes it possible to implement trustless systems in the real world, which, combined with appropriate economic and participatory incentives, would foster the proper functio…
Smart cities deploy large numbers of sensors and collect a tremendous amount of data from them. For example, Advanced Metering Infrastructures (AMIs), which consist of physical meters that collect usage data about public utilities such as power and water, are an important building block in a smart city. In a typical sensor network, the measurement devices are connected through a computer network, which exposes them to cyber attacks. Furthermore, the data is centrally managed at the operator's servers, making it vulnerable to insider threats. Our goal is to protect the integrity of data collect…
D2M: A Decentralized, Privacy-Preserving, Incentive-Compatible Data Marketplace for Collaborative Learning
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur（计算机科学与工程系，印度理工学院，乔浦尔）；School of Mathematics and Computational Sciences, Eastern University Pennsylvania（数学与计算科学学院，东部大学宾夕法尼亚）
Drexel University（德雷塞尔大学）；Horace Mann School（霍勒斯·曼学校）
Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are crypto assets with a unique digital identifier for ownership, powered by blockchain technology. Technically speaking, anything digital could be minted and sold as an NFT, which provides proof of ownership and authenticity of a digital file. For this reason, it helps us distinguish between the originals and their copies, making it possible to trade them. This paper focuses on art NFTs that change how artists can sell their products. It also changes how the art trade market works since NFT technology cuts out the middleman. Recently, the utility of NFTs has become …
Model-based Systems Engineering (MBSE) has been widely utilized to formalize system artifacts and facilitate their development throughout the entire lifecycle. During complex system development, MBSE models need to be frequently exchanged across stakeholders. Concerns about data security and tampering using traditional data exchange approaches obstruct the construction of a reliable marketplace for digital assets. The emerging Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), represented by blockchain, provides a novel solution for this purpose owing to its unique advantages such as tamper-resistant and de…
Non-fungible tokens or NFTs are the digital assets on a blockchain. NFTs are unique and they cannot be divided like cryptocurrencies. NFTs could store digital ownership of an artwork or collections or can be fan tokens or tickets for clubs. NFTs are based on a smart contract on a blockchain network which supports them, such as Ethereum, Cardano or Polkadot. Most of the NFTs are now minted on Ethereum (ERC-20) network, but it has some main issues like high transaction fees and low speed. There are lots of domains which can be benefited from NFT technology such as art, music, gaming, sport and w…
University of California Irvine（加州大学欧文分校）；Texas A&M University（得克萨斯农工大学）；Theta Labs Inc.（西塔实验室公司）；Camford Capital（坎福德资本）；University of Southern California（南加州大学）；FedML Inc.（FedML公司）
We consider a project (model) owner that would like to train a model by utilizing the local private data and compute power of interested data owners, i.e., trainers. Our goal is to design a data marketplace for such decentralized collaborative/federated learning applications that simultaneously provides i) proof-of-contribution based reward allocation so that the trainers are compensated based on their contributions to the trained model; ii) privacy-preserving decentralized model training by avoiding any data movement from data owners; iii) robustness against malicious parties (e.g., trainers …
Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；Ben-Gurion University（本-古里安大学）
Due to their rapid growth and deployment, the Internet of things (IoT) have become a central aspect of our daily lives. Unfortunately, IoT devices tend to have many vulnerabilities which can be exploited by an attacker. Unsupervised techniques, such as anomaly detection, can be used to secure these devices in a plug-and-protect manner. However, anomaly detection models must be trained for a long time in order to capture all benign behaviors. Furthermore, the anomaly detection model is vulnerable to adversarial attacks since, during the training phase, all observations are assumed to be benign.…
Due to their rapid growth and deployment, Internet of things (IoT) devices have become a central aspect of our daily lives. However, they tend to have many vulnerabilities which can be exploited by an attacker. Unsupervised techniques, such as anomaly detection, can help us secure the IoT devices. However, an anomaly detection model must be trained for a long time in order to capture all benign behaviors. This approach is vulnerable to adversarial attacks since all observations are assumed to be benign while training the anomaly detection model. In this paper, we propose CIoTA, a lightweight f…
The Philos Marketplace blockchain system is a proposed hierarchical blockchain architecture which allows a large number of individual blockchains to operate in parallel. These parallel chains achieve consensus among one another on a limited set of core operations, while allowing each on-chain application to manage its own data independently of others. This architecture addresses the scalability issues of traditional linear blockchains, but requires novel consensus mechanisms. A central feature of the Philos consensus mechanism is its trust algorithm, which assigns each network node a numerical…
