标量场对S2星轨道的影响
Scalar field effects on the orbit of S2 star
摘要：
对围绕SgrA* 运行的S星的精确测量对银河系中心紧凑物体的性质设置了强有力的限制。黑洞在该区域的存在已经得到了很好的证实，但其邻近的环境仍然是一个公开的争论。在这方面，中心区域的暗物质的存在可能是可以探测到的，因为它在恒星轨道上有很强的特征：主要的影响是牛顿岁差，这将影响S2的整体近心点位移，后者是重力仪器的目标测量。这种暗物质的确切性质（例如，恒星暗物质残余物或弥漫的暗物质）是未知的。本文假设它是一个环形分布的标量场，与超轻暗物质粒子有关，围绕着克尔黑洞。这样的场是超辐射背景下预期的一种“头发”形式，超辐射是一种从黑洞中提取旋转能量的机制。计算了S2星的轨道特征，并证明其可被引力探测到。由于轨道根数的变化既取决于标量场与黑洞的相对质量，又取决于场质量耦合参数，因此标量场可以被约束。
英文摘要：
Precise measurements of the S-stars orbiting SgrA* have set strong constraints on the nature of the compact object at the centre of the Milky Way. The presence of a black hole in that region is well established, but its neighboring environment is still an open debate. In that respect, the existence of dark matter in that central region may be detectable due to its strong signatures on the orbits of stars: the main effect is a Newtonian precession which will affect the overall pericentre shift of S2, the latter being a target measurement of the GRAVITY instrument. The exact nature of this dark matter (e.g., stellar dark remnants or diffuse dark matter) is unknown. This article assumes it to be an scalar field of toroidal distribution, associated with ultra-light dark matter particles, surrounding the Kerr black hole. Such a field is a form of "hair" expected in the context of superradiance, a mechanism that extracts rotational energy from the black hole. Orbital signatures for the S2 star are computed and shown to be detectable by GRAVITY. The scalar field can be constrained because the variation of orbital elements depends both on the relative mass of the scalar field to the black hole and on the field mass coupling parameter.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
