磁场对量子点氢、氦原子拓扑特性的调控
Tuning the Topological Features of Quantum-Dot Hydrogen and Helium by a Magnetic Field
摘要：
在具有自旋-轨道耦合的量子点中，自旋织构的拓扑荷在这里被解析地示出为相对于点的椭圆率是稳定的。它可通过单个磁场直接调谐，并与Landé $g$因子的\textit{sign}相关。在量子点氦中，总缠绕数可能具有与单电子情况（量子点氢）不同的性质，因为调整电子的数量通过库仑相互作用和$z$分量角动量$\langle L^{}_z \rangle$来影响缠绕数。当库仑相互作用存在时，密度分布和自旋织构相互影响。当$\langle L^{}_z \rangle$被自旋轨道耦合偏离整数时，旋转对称性被破坏，导致强烈的密度形变。拓扑电荷的符号也可以随着磁场的增加而反转。这些发现具有重大意义，因为现在仅施加磁场就提供了控制量子点拓扑性质的直接途径。
英文摘要：
The topological charge of the spin texture in a quantum dot with spin-orbit couplings is shown analytically here to be stable against the ellipticity of the dot. It is directly tunable by a single magnetic field and is related to the \textit{sign} of the Landé $g$ factor. In a quantum-dot helium, the overall winding number could have different property from that of the single-electron case (quantum-dot hydrogen), since tuning the number of electron affects the winding number by the Coulomb interaction and the $z$ component angular momentum $\langle L^{}_z \rangle$. The density profile and the spin texture influence each other when the Coulomb interaction is present. When $\langle L^{}_z \rangle$ is biased away from an integer by the spin-orbit couplings, the rotational symmetry is broken which induces strong density deformation. The sign of the topological charge may also be reversed with increasing magnetic field. These findings are of major significance since the applied magnetic field alone now provides a direct route to control the topological properties of quantum dots.
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