高探测效率和时间分辨率多模光纤耦合超导纳米线单光子探测器
Multimode Fiber Coupled Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detectors with High Detection Efficiency and Time Resolution
摘要：
在过去的十年中，超导纳米线单光子探测器（SNSPD）逐渐成为任何要求苛刻的量子光学实验中不可或缺的一部分。到目前为止，大多数SNSPD都耦合到单模光纤。耦合到多模光纤的SNSPD已经显示出有希望的效率，但尚未实现高时间分辨率。对于从量子纳米光子学到生物光学的许多应用，同时需要高效率和高时间分辨率。在本文中，我们演示了偏振对多模光纤耦合探测器的效率的作用，并展示了如何解决这个问题。我们制造了针对可见光、近红外和电信波长的高性能20、25和50μm直径探测器。一个定制的设置被用来模拟现实的实验与随机模式的纤维。我们同时实现了系统效率>80%和时间分辨率<20 ps，并制造了具有出色性能的大型探测器。
英文摘要：
In the past decade superconducting nanowire single photon detectors (SNSPDs) have gradually become an indispensable part of any demanding quantum optics experiment. Until now, most SNSPDs are coupled to single-mode fibers. SNSPDs coupled to multimode fibers have shown promising efficiencies but are yet to achieve high time resolution. For a number of applications ranging from quantum nano-photonics to bio-optics, high efficiency and high time-resolution are desired at the same time. In this paper, we demonstrate the role of polarization on the efficiency of multi-mode fiber coupled detectors, and show how it can be addressed. We fabricated high performance 20, 25 and 50μm diameter detectors targeted for visible, near infrared, and telecom wavelengths. A custom-built setup was used to simulate realistic experiments with randomized modes in the fiber. We simultaneously achieved system efficiency >80% and time resolution <20 ps and made large detectors that offer outstanding performances.
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