The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. VII. The Distance to M101 via the Optical Tip of the Red Giant Branch Method
Rachael L. Beaton, Mark Seibert, Dylan Hatt, Wendy L. Freedman, Taylor J. Hoyt, In Sung Jang, Myung Gyoon Lee, Barry F. Madore, Andrew J. Monson, Jillian R. Nee… 展开作者
Rachael L. Beaton, Mark Seibert, Dylan Hatt, Wendy L. Freedman, Taylor J. Hoyt, In Sung Jang, Myung Gyoon Lee, Barry F. Madore, Andrew J. Monson, Jillian R. Neeley, Jeffrey A. Rich, Victoria Scowcroft
备注：
30 Pages, 12 Figures, 4 Tables; Figure quality degraded for ArXiv posting; Accepted to ApJ. Note this version corrects an error regarding a previous study, which is indicated in the text
The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program (CCHP) is building a direct path to the Hubble constant (H0) using Population II stars as the calibrator of the SN Ia-based distance scale. This path to calibrate the SN Ia is independent of the systematics in the traditional Cepheid-based technique. In this paper, we present the distance to M101, the host to SN2011fe, using the I-band tip of the red giant branch (TRGB) based on observations from the ACS/WFC instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope. The CCHP targets the halo of M101 where there is little to no host-galaxy dust, the red giant branch is isolated from nearly all other stellar populations, and there is virtually no source confusion or crowding at the magnitude of the tip. Applying the standard procedure for the TRGB method from the other works in the CCHP series, we find a foreground-extinction-corrected M101 distance modulus of {μ_0}=29.07+/-0.04(stat)+/-0.05(sys) mag, which corresponds to a distance of D=6.52+/-0.12(stat)+/-0.15(sys) Mpc. This result is consistent with several recent Cepheid-based determinations, suggesting agreement between Population I and II distance scales for this nearby SN Ia-host galaxy. We further analyze four archival datasets for M101 that have targeted its outer disk to argue that targeting in the stellar halo provides much more reliable distance measurements from the TRGB method due to the combination of multiple structural components and heavily population contamination. Application of the TRGB in complex regions will have sources of uncertainty not accounted for in commonly used uncertainty measurement techniques.
The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program seeks to anchor the distance scale of Type Ia supernovae via the Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB). Based on deep $Hubble$ $Space$ $Telescope$ ACS/WFC imaging, we present an analysis of the TRGB for the metal-poor halo of NGC 1365, a giant spiral galaxy in the Fornax Cluster that is host to the supernova SN2012fr. We have measured its extinction-corrected TRGB magnitude to be F814W $= 27.34 \pm 0.03_{stat} \pm0.01_{sys}$ mag. In advance of future direct calibration by $Gaia$, we set a provisional TRGB luminosity via the Large Magellanic Cloud and find a tru…
We determine the distances to the Type Ia Supernova host galaxies M66 (NGC 3627) and M96 (NGC 3368) of the Leo I Group using the Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) method. We target the stellar halos of these galaxies using the Hubble Space Telescope ACS/WFC in the F606W and F814W bandpasses. By pointing to the stellar halos we sample RGB stars predominantly of Population II, minimize host-galaxy reddening, and significantly reduce the effects of source crowding. Our absolute calibration of the I-band TRGB is based on a recent detached eclipsing binary distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud. W…
The primary goal of the Carnegie Chicago Hubble Program (CCHP) is to calibrate the zero-point of the Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) Hubble Diagram through the use of Population II standard candles. So far, the CCHP has measured direct distances to 11 SNe Ia, and here we increase that number to 15 with two new TRGB distances measured to NGC 5643 and NGC 1404, for a total of 20 SN Ia calibrators. We present resolved, point-source photometry from new Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of these two galaxies in the F814W and F606W bandpasses. From each galaxy's stellar halo, we construct an F814W-band…
Ultra-faint dwarf galaxies (UFDs) are the faintest known galaxies and due to their incredibly low surface brightness, it is difficult to find them beyond the Local Group. We report a serendipitous discovery of an UFD, Fornax UFD1, in the outskirts of NGC 1316, a giant galaxy in the Fornax cluster. The new galaxy is located at a projected radius of 55 kpc in the south-east of NGC 1316. This UFD is found as a small group of resolved stars in the Hubble Space Telescope images of a halo field of NGC 1316, obtained as part of the Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. Resolved stars in this galaxy are co…
We present photometry of 30 Galactic RR Lyrae variables taken with HST WFC3/IR for the Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program. These measurements form the base of the distance ladder measurements that comprise a pure Population II base to a measurement of Ho at an accuracy of 3%. These data are taken with the same instrument and filter (F160W) as our observations of RR Lyrae stars in external galaxies so as to to minimize sources of systematic error in our calibration of the extragalactic distance scale. We calculate mean magnitudes based on one to three measurements for each RR Lyrae star using star…
The tip of the red giant branch has been used to measure distances to 500 nearby galaxies with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) which are available in the Color-Magnitude Diagrams and Tip of the Red Giant Branch (CMDs/TRGB) catalog on the Extragalactic Distance Database (EDD). Our established methods are employed to perform an independent reduction of the targets presented by the Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program (CCHP) in the series of papers culminating in Freedman (2021). Our distinct methodology involves modeling the observed luminosity function of red giant branch and asymptotic giant branc…
In the nearby galaxy NGC 4258, the well-modeled orbital motion of H$_2$O masers about its supermassive black hole provides the means to measure a precise geometric distance. As a result, NGC 4258 is one of a few "geometric anchors" available to calibrate the true luminosities of stellar distance indicators such as the Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) or the Cepheid Leavitt law. In this paper, we present a detailed study of the apparent magnitude of the TRGB within NGC 4258 using publicly-available HST observations optimally situated in the gas- and dust-free halo along the minor axis, spanni…
IC 1613 is an isolated dwarf galaxy within the Local Group. Low foreground and internal extinction, low metallicity, and low crowding make it an invaluable testbed for the calibration of the local distance ladder. We present new, high-fidelity distance estimates to IC 1613 via its Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) and its RR Lyrae (RRL) variables as part of the Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program, which seeks an alternate local route to \ho using Population II stars. We have measured a TRGB magnitude I=20.35+/-0.01 (statistical)+/-0.01 (systematic) using wide-field observations obtained from the …
We present multi-component decomposition of high-quality $R$-band images of 312 disk galaxies from the Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. In addition to bulges and disks, we successfully model nuclei, bars, disk breaks, nuclear/inner lenses, and inner rings. Our modeling strategy treats nuclear rings and nuclear bars as part of the bulge component, while other features such as spiral arms, outer lenses, and outer rings are omitted from the fits because they are not crucial for accurate bulge measurements. The error budget of bulge parameters includes the uncertainties from sky level measurements a…
The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program (CCHP) is re-calibrating the extragalactic SN Ia distance scale using exclusively Population II stars. This effort focuses on the Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) method, whose systematics are entirely independent of the Population I Cepheid-based determinations that have long served as calibrators for the SN Ia distance scale. We present deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging of the low surface-density and low line-of-sight reddening halos of two galaxies, NGC 1448 and NGC 1316, each of which have been hosts to recent SN Ia events. Provisionally anchoring th…
We compare mid-infrared 3.6 and 4.5 $μ$m Warm Spitzer observations for Cepheids in the Milky Way and the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. Using models, we explore in detail the effect of the CO rotation-vibration band-head at 4.6 $μ$m on the mid-infrared photometry. We confirm the temperature sensitivity of the CO band-head at 4.6 $μ$m and find no evidence for an effect at 3.6 $μ$m. We compare the ([3.6]-[4.5]) period-colour relations in the MW, LMC, and SMC. The slopes of the period-colour relations for the three galaxies are in good agreement, but there is a trend in zero-point with metall…
The Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program (CCHP) is undertaking a re-calibration of the extragalactic distance scale, using Type Ia supernovae that are tied to Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) distances to local galaxies. We present here deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) ACS/WFC imaging of the resolved stellar populations in the metal-poor halos of the SN Ia host galaxies NGC 4424, NGC 4526, and NGC 4536. These three Virgo constellation galaxies are prime targets for calibrating the extragalactic distance scale given their relative proximity in the local Universe and their low line-of-sight redden…
We present an overview of the Carnegie-Chicago Hubble Program, an ongoing program to obtain a 3 per cent measurement of the Hubble constant using alternative methods to the traditional Cepheid distance scale. We aim to establish a completely independent route to the Hubble constant using RR Lyrae variables, the tip of the red giant branch (TRGB), and Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia). This alternative distance ladder can be applied to galaxies of any Hubble Type, of any inclination, and, utilizing old stars in low density environments, is robust to the degenerate effects of metallicity and interstel…
Using high-quality optical images from the Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey, we perform multi-component decompositions of S0 galaxies to derive accurate structural parameters to constrain their physical origin. Many S0s do not host prominent bulges. S0 galaxies have a broad distribution of bulge-to-total ratios ($B/T$) and Sérsic indices ($n$), with average values of $B/T=0.34\pm0.15$ and $n=2.62\pm1.02$, qualitatively consistent with the notion that S0s define a parallel sequence with and may have evolved from spiral galaxies. This is further reinforced by the incidence of bars and lenses in S0s…
We present a new and independent determination of the local value of the Hubble constant based on a calibration of the Tip of the Red Giant Branch (TRGB) applied to Type Ia supernovae (SNeIa). We find a value of Ho = 69.8 +/- 0.8 (+/-1.1\% stat) +/- 1.7 (+/-2.4\% sys) km/sec/Mpc. The TRGB method is both precise and accurate, and is parallel to, but independent of the Cepheid distance scale. Our value sits midway in the range defined by the current Hubble tension. It agrees at the 1.2-sigma level with that of the Planck 2018 estimate, and at the 1.7-sigma level with the SHoES measurement of Ho …
Chicago-Carnegie Hubble Program (CCHP) A Multi-Wavelength Search for the Effects of Metallicity on the Cepheid Distance Scale. Part II: Theoretical Models and Synthetic Spectra
"SNe Ia twins" in the Hubble flow, and the determination of H0
Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas（基础物理研究所，西班牙高等科学研究委员会）；Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (UB–IEEC)（宇宙科学研究所（巴塞罗那大学-IEEC））；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias（加那利群岛天体物理研究所）；Universidad de La Laguna（拉古纳大学）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova（意大利国家天体物理研究所-帕多瓦天文台）
研究通过分析Ia型超新星双胞胎在哈勃流中的距离确定H₀，发现部分样本存在色度误差影响H₀计算，最终得到H₀的平均值为72.38±1.54(stat)±1.33(sys) km s⁻¹ Mpc⁻¹。
