The inter-cluster time synchronization systems within the Baikal-GVD detector

Positioning system for Baikal-GVD

Baikal-GVD is a kilometer scale neutrino telescope currently under construction in Lake Baikal. Due to water currents in Lake Baikal, individual photomultiplier housings are mobile and can drift away from their initial position. In order to accurately determine the coordinates of the photomultipliers, the telescope is equipped with an acoustic positioning system. The system consists of a network of acoustic modems, installed along the telescope strings and uses acoustic trilateration to determine the coordinates of individual modems. This contribution discusses the current state of the positio…

Development of the Double Cascade Reconstruction Techniques in the Baikal-GVD Neutrino Telescope

The Baikal-GVD is a neutrino telescope under construction in Lake Baikal. The main goal of the Baikal-GVD is to observe neutrinos via detecting the Cherenkov radiation of the secondary charged particles originating in the interactions of neutrinos. In 2021, the installation works concluded with 2304 optical modules installed in the lake resulting in effective volume approximately 0.4 km$^{3}$. In this paper, the first steps in the development of double cascade reconstruction techniques are presented.

Methods for the suppression of background cascades produced along atmospheric muon tracks in the Baikal-GVD

The Baikal-GVD (Gigaton Volume Detector) is a km$^{3}$- scale neutrino telescope located in Lake Baikal. Currently (year 2021) the Baikal-GVD is composed of 2304 optical modules divided to 8 independent detection units, called clusters. Specific neutrino interactions can cause Cherenkov light topology, referred to as a cascade. However, cascade-like events originate from discrete stochastic energy losses along muon tracks. These cascades produce the most abundant background in searching for high-energy neutrino cascade events. Several methods have been developed, optimized, and tested to suppr…

Proposal for fiber optic data acquisition system for Baikal-GVD

The first stage of the construction of the deep underwater neutrino telescope Baikal-GVD is planned to be completed in 2024. The second stage of the detector deployment is planned to be carried out using a data acquisition system based on fibre optic technologies, which will allow for increased data throughput and more flexible trigger conditions. A dedicated test facility has been built and deployed at the Baikal-GVD site to test the new technological solutions. We present the principles of operation and results of tests of the new data acquisition system.

Baikal-GVD中微子望远镜中的双重级联重建

Double cascade reconstruction in the Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope

针对立方公里级Baikal-GVD中微子望远镜，本文介绍用于探测中微子相互作用双重级联事件的重建技术，并评估其算法精度。

Increasing the sensitivity of the Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope by using external strings of optical modules

The deployment of the Baikal-GVD deep underwater neutrino telescope is continuing in Lake Baikal. By April 2022, ten clusters of the telescope were put into operation, with 2880 optical modules in total. One of the relevant tasks in this context is to study the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of the detector based on the experience of its operation and the results obtained at other neutrino telescopes in recent years. In this paper, a variant of optimizing the configuration of the telescope is considered, based on the installation of additional strings of optical modules between the…

Automatic data processing for Baikal-GVD neutrino observatory

Baikal-GVD is a gigaton-scale neutrino observatory under construction in Lake Baikal. It currently produces about 100 GB of data every day. For their automatic processing, the Baikal Analysis and Reconstruction software (BARS) was developed. At the moment, it includes such stages as hit extraction from PMT waveforms, assembling events from raw data, assigning timestamps to events, determining the position of the optical modules using an acoustic positioning system, data quality monitoring, muon track and cascade reconstruction, as well as the alert signal generation. These stages are implement…

利用 Baikal-GVD 中微子望远镜提高级联探测效率

Improving the efficiency of cascade detection by the Baikal-GVD neutrino telescope

针对 Baikal-GVD 级联型中微子事件探测，研究通过缩短新簇间距并增设簇间光学模块串改进布局，并结合 Monte Carlo 模拟与现场测试评估其效率提升。

用于 Baikal-GVD 级联分析的大气 μ 子抑制

Atmospheric muon suppression for Baikal-GVD cascade analysis

针对 Baikal-GVD 中微子级联分析中大气 μ 子随机能量损失造成的主要本底，本文提出一种级联事例筛选算法以抑制该本底。

贝加尔湖GVD中微子望远镜的径迹型事件分析

Track-Like Event Analysis at the Baikal-GVD Neutrino Telescope

本研究针对贝加尔湖GVD中微子望远镜的径迹型事件分析，将原单簇低能分析扩展到更宽数据集，展示首批高能径迹事件，并介绍多簇径迹重建与事件分析的现状，助力中微子点源搜寻。

Method and portable bench for tests of the laser optical calibration system components for the Baikal-GVD underwater neutrino Cherenkov telescope

The large-scale deep underwater Cherenkov neutrino telescopes like Baikal-GVD, ANTARES or KM3NeT, require calibration and testing methods of their optical modules. These methods usually include laser-based systems which allow to check the telescope responses to the light and for real-time monitoring of the optical parameters of water such as absorption and scattering lengths, which show seasonal changes in natural reservoirs of water. We will present a testing method of a laser calibration system and a set of dedicated tools developed for Baikal- GVD, which includes a specially designed and bu…

Baikal-GVD中微子望远镜利用大气缪子进行时间校准

Time Calibration of the Baikal-GVD Neutrino Telescope with Atmospheric Muons

本文提出一种利用单簇模式大气缪子迭代确定有效时间偏移的新程序，用于Baikal-GVD中微子望远镜的高精度时间校准，理论精度约1.5-1.6纳秒。