超高分辨率下的高能宇宙：X射线干涉测量的能力和前景
The high energy universe at ultra-high resolution: the power and promise of X-ray interferometry
摘要：
我们建议发展X射线干涉测量术（XRI），以超高的空间分辨率在高能量下揭示宇宙。XRI的基线可以容纳在一个航天器上，其分辨率在10毫米时可以达到100 $μ$（1.2 keV）和20 $μ$在2 keV（6 keV），使成像和成像光谱的（例如）附近吸积超大质量黑洞的X射线日冕和超大质量黑洞的“阴影”;超大质量黑洞吸积流和流出流; X射线双星风和轨道;恒星日冕在100秒差距内，许多系外行星穿过它们。对于足够明亮的光源，XRI将在整个可观测的宇宙中解析亚pc尺度，揭示吸积的二进制SMBH，并利用类星体或爆炸瞬变的X射线光回波对哈勃常数进行三角测量。多航天器“星座”干涉仪的分辨率将远低于1 $μ$ as，从而能够在许多活动星系中分辨SMBH事件视界，并详细研究强场引力对黑洞附近吸积气体的动力学和发射的影响。
英文摘要：
We propose the development of X-ray interferometry (XRI), to reveal the universe at high energies with ultra-high spatial resolution. With baselines which can be accommodated on a single spacecraft, XRI can reach 100 $μ$as resolution at 10 Å(1.2 keV) and 20 $μ$as at 2 Å(6 keV), enabling imaging and imaging-spectroscopy of (for example) X-ray coronae of nearby accreting supermassive black holes (SMBH) and the SMBH `shadow'; SMBH accretion flows and outflows; X-ray binary winds and orbits; stellar coronae within ~100 pc and many exoplanets which transit across them. For sufficiently luminous sources XRI will resolve sub-pc scales across the entire observable universe, revealing accreting binary SMBHs and enabling trigonometric measurements of the Hubble constant with X-ray light echoes from quasars or explosive transients. A multi-spacecraft `constellation' interferometer would resolve well below 1 $μ$as, enabling SMBH event horizons to be resolved in many active galaxies and the detailed study of the effects of strong field gravity on the dynamics and emission from accreting gas close to the black hole.
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