经济实力、人口和天文学界的规模
Economic Power, Population, and the Size of Astronomical Community
摘要：
一个国家在IAU注册的天文学家数量与GDP有相关性。然而，这种关系的稳健性值得怀疑，因为加入IAU的天文学家比例因国家而异。在这里，我们通过使用截至2017年更新的最新数据来重新审视这种相关性，然后我们通过使用具有博士学位并在每个国家工作的天文学家和天体物理学家的总数来发现类似的相关性，而不是采用IAU成员的数量。我们证实了相关性中存在两个子群。一组由具有悠久现代天文学历史的欧洲先进国家组成，而另一组由经历了最近快速经济发展的国家组成。为了找到相关性中的因果关系，我们获得了一些国家的天文学家数量，人口和GDP的长期变化，发现最近发展中国家的人均国民生产总值增加的天文学家人数比完全发达国家增加得更快。我们收集了韩国天文学界的人口统计数据。根据这些发现，我们估计适当的规模，韩国天文界考虑社会的经济实力和人口。目前在韩国工作的博士天文学家人数约为310人，但应该有550人，足以与西班牙，加拿大和日本天文学界的规模相媲美。我们讨论了如何克服韩国天文界的脆弱性，国家R&D支出结构的统计数据的基础上，与其他主要先进国家的比较。
英文摘要：
The number of astronomers for a country registered to the IAU is known to have a correlation with the GDP. However, the robustness of this relationship can be doubted, because the fraction of astronomers joining the IAU differs from country to country. Here we revisit this correlation by using the recent data updated as of 2017, and then we find a similar correlation by using the total enumeration of astronomers and astrophysicists with PhD degrees and working in each country, instead of adopting the number of IAU members. We confirm the existence of two subgroup in the correlation. One group consists of European advanced countries having long history of modern astronomy, while the other group consists of countries having experienced recent rapid economic development. In order to find causation in the correlation, we obtain the long-term variations of the number of astronomers, population, and the GDP for a number of countries to find that the number of astronomers per citizen for recently developing countries has increased more rapidly as GDP per capita increased, than that for fully developed countries. We collect a demographic data of the Korean astronomical community. From these findings we estimate the proper size of the Korean astronomical community by considering the society's economic power and population. The current number of PhD astronomers working in Korea is approximately 310, but it should be 550 that is large enough to be comparable and competitive to the sizes of Spainish, Canadian, and Japanese astronomical communities. We discuss on the way how to overcome the vulnerability of the Korean astronomical community, based on the statistics of national R&D expenditure structure comparing with that of other major advanced countries.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
